播期?密度和施肥量对直播油菜国豪油8号产量及其农艺性状的影响

目的]研究直播油菜不同播期、种植密度和施肥量的最佳组合,为油菜的高效栽培和四川丘陵区直播油菜生产提供理论依据。方法]采用三元二次通用旋转组合设计,研究影响直播双低油菜产量的农艺措施,建立双低油菜国豪油8号在四川丘陵区直播种植的高产栽培数学模型,并对8个重要农艺性状与小区产量之间进行通径分析。结果]在四川丘陵区,直播播期、密度和施肥量对国豪油8号产量均有显著影响,在试验条件下,该品种直播栽培获得产量2 799 kg/hm2的农艺方案:9月25—30日播种,密度45.0万~52.5万株/hm2,施肥量0~750 kg/hm2。农艺措施增产效应由大到小依次为播期、密度、播期与施肥量、施肥量。8个农艺性状对油菜产量的直接影响由大到小依次为单株有效角果数、主花序有效段长、二次有效分枝数、有效分枝高度、千粒重、株高、根茎粗、一次有效分枝数。结论]直播油菜的二次有效分枝、根茎粗是影响油菜产量的重要农艺性状,二次有效分枝对产量起直接作用,而根茎粗主要是通过间接作用起到增产效果。

Effects of Seeding Date,Planting Density and Fertilizer Rate on Yield and Agronomic Characters of Direct-seeding Rape Guohaoyou 8

Objective ] The aim was to study the best combination of live rape different sowing date, planting density and fertilizer, in order to provide the reference for efficient cultivation in the rape and live rapeseed production in Sichuan hill area.Method]The ternary quadratic general rotational combination design studied the effects of live yield of double low rape agronomic measures , establish the double low rape Guohaoyou 8 live in hilly area of Sichuan, planting of mathematical model for high yielding cultivation , and the eight important agronomic characters and plot yield through path analysis.Result] The results showed that in hilly area of Sichuan, seeding date, density and fertilizer amount“Guohaoyou 8”yield had significant effect on, under the condition of this experiment, the varieties direct seeding cultivation yield >agronomic schemes of 2 799 kg/hm2 it:25-30 September planting, the density 450 000-525 000 plants/hm2, fertilization 0-750 kg/hm2 it.The order of yield in-creasing effect was as follows: sowing time, density, sowing date and amount of fertilizer.Live rape plant height, branch height, main inflores-cence effective segment length, more effective branches and secondary branches, effective silique number, 1 000 grain weight and rhizome thick on rapeseed yield for a direct impact on the:the number of effective pods per plant >main inflorescence effective segment length >second ef-fective branch number >effective branch height >1 000 grain weight >plant height >root diameter >a effective branch number.Conclu-sion] The two effective branches and stem diameter of direct seeding rape were the important agronomic traits which affected the yield of rape , and the two effective branches played a direct role in the yield , and the root of the stem was mainly through the indirect effect .