番茄花萼形态多样性、相关性分析及因子模型构建

番茄花萼一直伴随果实的生长、发育及成熟,是花和果实的重要组成部分,包被在花的最外层,对花蕾有重要的保护作用。本试验以29份不同品种、不同果型的番茄为材料,对其花萼的发育过程、形态指标、相关性及主成分进行研究。结果表明:萼片形态发育过程为闭合、微展、张开、收合、变形、定形,在番茄果实红熟期,萼片形态基本稳定,主要出现平展、上翘、直立、微合、完合、内卷6种,不同品种的番茄萼片数也有所差异,大多数番茄萼片数为27片;番茄红熟期萼片形态特征分析结果表明,萼片的变异系数大小顺序为:SESA（37.07%）>SET（23.81%）>SEUD（22.96%）>SEW（21.07%）>SEL（20.25%）>SESC（19.58%）>SEC（1.29%）;Pearson偏相关性分析结果表明,番茄果实红熟期萼片的形状主要由SEW决定,而与SEL、SET、SESA没有显著相关关系;萼片的卷曲度与上翘度呈极显著负相关（R=-0.402）,而与其它5个性状都无相关关系,说明SEUD、SEC与SEL、SEW、SET、SESA、SESC性状是相对独立的遗传性状;R型因子分析结果表明,萼片形状贡献率大小依次为:SEL>SEW>SET>SESA>SESC>SEUD>SEC;由旋转后的因子载荷矩阵和建立的因子数学模型可知,F1、F2、F3分别为第一、第二、第三主因子,说明萼片的性状与萼片长、萼片宽、萼片厚和萼片面积有较为紧密的联系。

Morphological Diversity,Correlation Analysis and Mathematic Model Construction of Tomato Sepals

Sepal is an important part of the flower and fruit of tomato,  which  accompanies  the  growth,  develop-  ment and maturation of it. The flowers were wrapped  in  sepals  and  have  important  protective  functions  for  the buds. Based on 29 tomato accessions of different types, we investigated the developmental process of sepal, indexs which can describe the sepal morphology and diversity of it. The results showed that the  development  process  of  sepals in tomato was as follows: Closed, slihtly opened, fully opened, morphologically changed, final morphology. In  the red ripening period of tomato fruit, the sepals were basically  stable,  and  6  forms  including  flat  spread,  up- warp, upright, micro-closured, fully closure, inwarp were shown. Furthermore, there were  also  some  differences  in  the number of sepals, but most were 2-7 slices. The morphological characteristics of sepals in the mature stage of   tomato were studied, and the results showed that the variation coefficient of sepals was SESA （37.07% ） ＞SET（23.81%）＞SEUD（22.96%）＞SEW（21.07%）＞SEL（20.25%）＞SESC（19.58%）＞SEC（1.29%）.    Pearson    correlation  analysis reveald that the shape of sepals in the maturation period was mainly determined by SEW, but there was no sig- nificant  correlation  with  SEL,  SET  and  SESA.  The  correlation  between  SEC  and  SEUD  was  significantly  negative  （R=- 0.402）,  but there were not significant correlations between the 2 traits with other 5 traits. The results showed that  SEUD, SEC with SEL, SEW, SET, SESA, SESC were relatively independent traits. The results of R-type factor   analysis showed that the cumulative  contribution  rate  of sepals was SEL＞SEW＞SET＞SESA＞SESC＞SEUD＞SEC. F1, F2 and F3 was the first, second and third main factors respectively by the rotational factor load matrix and the 2.4 mathematical model. The results showed that the trait of sepals was closely related  to  the  SEL,  SEW,  SET  and  SESA.