不同蓝莓品种品质特性研究

本研究探讨不同蓝莓品种的品质特性，为蓝莓生产育种、采后贮运和综合加工利用提供科学依据。以河源蓝莓种植基地的灿烂、夏普兰、南高丛、杰兔、芭尔德温、粉蓝和圆蓝 7 个蓝莓品种的新鲜果实为材料，测定其理化指标和感官品质，运用聚类分析方法对不同品种蓝莓的综合品质进行分析评价，筛选出较优的蓝莓品种。结果表明：不同品种间的品质特性差异较大，芭尔德温的粒径（1.58 cm）、单果重（2.05 g）、pH（3.29）、硬度（770.79 g）、维生素 C 含量（14.23 mg/100 g）最大，圆蓝的可溶性固形物（12.58%）、可溶性糖（12.32%）、花青素（1.89 mg/g）、总酚（28.58 mg/g）含量最高；灿烂的出汁率（73.51%）最高。聚类分析将 7 个蓝莓品种分为3 类，灿烂、夏普兰、芭尔德温、粉蓝和南高丛为第 1 类；杰兔为第 2 类；圆蓝为第 3 类。通过分析蓝莓的营养成分、感官品质和聚类分析，发现第 3 类蓝莓品种圆蓝的综合品质最好。

Quality Evaluation of Different Blueberry Cultivars

In this study, the quality characteristics of different varieties of blueberries were explored to provide a scientific basis for blueberry production and breeding, post-harvest storage and transportation and comprehensive processing and utilization. The fresh fruits of seven blueberry cultivars collected from the blueberry cultivation base of Heyuan were used as the experimental materials to determine the physico-chemical indexes and sensory qualities using cluster analysis method to analyze and evaluate the comprehensive quality of different varieties of blueberries, and to screen better blueberry varieties. The results indicated that the fruit quality had differences among different blueberry cultivars. Baldwin exhibited the highest particle diameter (1.58 cm), weight of single fruit(2.05 g), pH value (3.29), hardness (770.79 g) and vitamin C content (14.23 mg/100 g); Gardenblue indicated the highest abundance of total soluble solid (12.58%), total soluble sugar (12.32%), anthocyanin content (1.89 mg/g) and total polyphenol content (28.58 mg/g); in addition, juice yield (73.51%) of Brightwell was the highest among cultivars analyzed. The result of cluster analysis indicated that seven blueberry cultivars should be classified into three categories. The first category including Brightwell, Sharpblue, Baldwin, Powderblue and Vaccinium austrrale. Premier was the second category. In this study, Gardenblue was the third category which had the best integrated quality by analyzing the nutritional content, sensory quality and cluster analysis.