我国与森林植被和水资源有关的环境问题及研究趋势

我国存在水资源数量不足和时空分布不均、水质下降、水环境恶化、旱涝灾害频繁、水土流失严重等生态环境问题;增加森林植被是解决水资源水环境问题的重要途径,我国正在进行空前大规模的林业生态环境建设,非常需要生态水文学的科学理论和技术支持。已有的森林水文学研究结果存在内容完整性和系统性差、尺度偏小、过程单一、缺乏对森林植被的水分稳定性认识、不能预测森林植被的区域水文影响等不足,还没有形成能有效指导调控林水关系和进行流域水资源管理的成熟理论和技术;未来需要加强的研究重点,包括鼓励跨部门和跨学科的交叉、森林植被的耗水特性和水分稳定性、森林水文作用的形成机理及其尺度效应和尺度转换、森林植被对区域水文影响的预测和评价、森林对水质的影响及作为重要水源保护区和流域水资源管理途径的森林植被建设技术等。

The Environment Problems Related with Forest/Vegetation and Water Resources in China and Future Research Requirements

The water problems in China are serious, which limit the sustainable development of society and economy, such as the shortage of water resources, the uneven spatio-temporal distribution of water resources, water quality deterioration, water environment worsening, frequent drought and flood disasters, severe soil and water loss. Increasing the forest/vegetation coverage is an important approach for solving the water problems. Several large-scale ecological forestry programs are being carried out in China, and both theoretical and technical supports for the programs are urgently needed. However, the existing forest hydrological research results are not yet sufficient. The research contents are not enough integrated and systematic, the research scale is too small, the studied processes are in separate, there is a lack of knowledge about the water-stability of forest/vegetation, the regional forest hydrological influence can not be accurately predicted. The theory and technology to guide the regulation of forest-water relation and the watershed management are not yet fully developed. Therefore,the key points to be strengthened in future's research are suggested: encouraging the multi-section and multi-subject researches, the water consumption and water-stability of forest/vegetation, the mechanism and scale-effect of forest hydrological influences and their scale transformation, the prediction and evaluation of regional forest hydrological influences, the effect on water quality by forest/vegetation, the techniques of vegetation restoration/management as protection approach of water conservation district and watershed.