华南双季稻区水稻不同机械化栽植方式对比试验与评价

为探索不同机械化栽植方式对华南双季稻区的适应性及其影响机理,2011-2014年连续4 a在广东省肇庆市和江门市,以钵体苗人工手插为对照,安排了钵体毯状苗机插、毯状苗机插和毯状苗窄行机插3种机械化栽植方式的对比试验。应用主效可加互作可乘(additive main effects and multiplicative interaction,AMMI)模型对影响水稻产量的栽植方式、环境和二者的互作进行了分析,进而对不同栽植方式的适应性进行了评价。结果表明:不同栽植方式水稻产量的单因素方差分析显示,3种机械化栽植方式对常规稻都具有良好的适应性,可替代人工手插大面积推广使用;而杂交稻各次试验中3种机插秧栽植方式的产量都低于人工手插,杂交稻机插秧问题还需进一步研究。AMMI分析中,栽植方式平方和、环境平方和及二者的互作平方和分别占处理平方和的6.39%、85.29%和8.31%,都达到了极显著差异水平(P0.01);AMMI模型的交互效应主成分(interaction principal component analysis,IPCA)前2个达到显著水平,两项累计解释了互作平方和的92.99%;残差均方根(root mean square,RMS)的值为49.34 kg/hm2,占总均值的0.71%,表明AMMI2模型对试验的数据结构进行了很好的拟合。适应性评价显示,人工手插的平均产量最高,与环境存在较大正互作,是目前杂交稻种植中最好的栽植方式,但稳定性欠佳;毯状苗机插的平均产量最低,与环境的互作最小,是一种稳定性较好的栽植方式;钵体毯状苗机插的稳定性不及毯状苗机插,但平均产量高于毯状苗机插,与毯状苗机插相比平均增产约-2%~6%;毯状苗窄行机插的稳定性不及钵体毯状苗机插,但平均产量与钵体毯状苗机插相差不大,在杂交晚稻种植中常常高于钵体毯状苗机插。研究结论对推进华南双季稻区种植机械化的发展具有重要参考价值。

Comparison and evaluation of different rice mechanized transplanting methods in double cropping area of South China

Abstract: In order to find the adaptability and influence mechanism of different mechanized rice transplanting methods in double cropping area of South China, the comparison tests of three kinds of mechanized transplanting methods are arranged in Jiangmen City and Zhaoqing City of Guangdong Province from 2011 to 2014. In this study, the three mechanized transplanting methods are mechanized transplanting with pot-grown flat seedling, mechanized transplanting with flat seedling and mechanized transplanting with narrow row flat seedling. The method of transplanting by hand is used as the control. Transplanting methods, environment and their interactions are analyzed by AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) model, and the stability and adaptability of different rice transplanting methods are evaluated. The results show that: Firstly, according to the results of one way ANOVA of rice yield under different transplanting methods, it is found that there are four times the yield difference is not significant and one time significant at 0.05 level in five comparison tests of conventional rice. In the significant test, the yields of all three kinds of mechanized transplanting methods are higher than the yield of transplanting by hand. This proves that all three kinds of mechanized transplanting methods have good adaptability on conventional rice, and can replace the method of transplanting by hand for large-scale use. Moreover, it is found that there are four times the yield difference is significant at 0.05 level and one time not significant in five comparison tests of hybrid rice. In the significant test, the yields of all three kinds of mechanized transplanting methods are lower than the yield of transplanting by hand. Therefore, mechanized transplanting technology for hybrid rice needs further study. Secondly, the sum of squares of transplanting methods, the sum of squares of environment and the sum of squares of the two's interactions are 6.39%, 8.31% and 85.29% of total sum of squares respectively. All of them have achieved significant difference at 0.05 level from AMMI model analysis. The former two of IPCA (interaction principal component analysis) explain 92.99% of the sum of squares of the interactions. The value of residual root mean square is 49.34 kg/hm2, and it is 0.71% of population mean. This means that AMMI2 model can well explain the experimental data's structure. The AMMI model is a good method for evaluating the stability and adaptability of different transplanting methods. Thirdly, the method of transplanting by hand is the best way of hybrid rice planting at present, the yield of which is the highest, and there is a big positive environment interaction. But the stability of this method is not good. The stability of mechanized rice transplanting with flat seedling is the best, the yield of which is yet the lowest. The stability of mechanized rice transplanting with pot-grown flat seedling is less than mechanized rice transplanting with flat seedling, but the yield of the former is higher, which is improved by about 2%-6% compared with mechanized rice transplanting with flat seedling. The stability of mechanized rice transplanting with narrow row flat seedling is less than mechanized rice transplanting with pot-grown flat seedling, but the yields of them are almost equal. The yield of mechanized rice transplanting with narrow row flat seedling is often higher than mechanized rice transplanting with pot-grown flat seedling in late hybrid rice. Research conclusions have important reference value for promoting the development of planting mechanization in the rice cropping areas of South China.