鄱阳湖越冬季节东方白鹳栖息地选择及保护现状研究

对吴城周边的9个湖泊包括大湖池、沙湖、蚌湖、朱市湖、梅西湖、中湖池、大汊湖、象湖和常湖池的东方白鹳（Ciconia boyciana）栖息地进行了调查。在约100km的有效样线调查中共记录到72只东方白鹳个体,分布于7个样方中,其中大湖池观察到个体数量最多共37只,其次为蚌湖共28只、中湖池4只,沙湖3只。通过比较7个东方白鹳样方和随机选取得9个对照样方的生态因子变量,发现两者之间植被盖度、植被高度、平均水深和湖面宽度差异性显著（P〈0.05）。东方白鹳主要分布于水深5～40cm的沼泽地或浅水湖中。栖息地植被主要由莎草科和禾本科为主的植物群落组成,平均植被盖度为（13.06±22.87）%,平均植被高度为（4.51±4.03）cm。决定东方白鹳分布的环境因子为平均水深,其主要分布于水深5～40cm的区域。根据走访调查发现对东方白鹳野生种群威胁因素包括偷猎、放牧、餐饮业和捕鱼业等。

Habitat Selection and Protection of Ciconia boyciana during Overwintering Stage in Poyang Lake

From the results we found that Ciconia boyciana concentrate in the marsh or the superficialis lake with the depth from 5 to 40 cm. Two capital types of vegetation in habitats for Ciconia boyciana were Cyperaceae and Poaceae. The average vegetation canopy and elevation are (13. 06 ±22. 87)% and(4. 51 ±4. 03) cm,respectively. We investigated the species in the lakes around Wucheng Town,which contains the Duhu lake,Sha lake,Bang lake,Zhushi lake,Meixi lake,Zhonghu lake,Dacha lake,Xiang lake and Changhu lake. There were 72 Ciconia boyciana individuals being recorded in about 100 km effectiveness line transect in research including 37 in the Duhu lake,28 in the Bang lake,4 in the Zhonghu lake,and 3 in the Sha lake,which distributed among the 7 quadrats. There were another 9 stochastic quadrats being recorded randomly. There were Statistical difference between the individuals and randomized controlled quadrats,including the vegetation canopy,vegetation elevation,average sounding,and average breadth of the lakes. According to stepwise discriminate analysis,the key factor was sifted through many environmental factors. The wildlife population of Ciconia boyciana threatened by poaching,grazing,repast,fishing,etc.