三种土壤改良基质对农田栽培人参产量及质量的影响

目的通过配施发酵玉米秸秆粉、EM菌、硅藻土3种物质改良农田土壤栽培人参。方法通过正交实验设计，研究土壤改良剂对人参产量及质量的影响。结果3种物质施入后，3年生人参根长、根粗和根重分别提高0-28．85％、7．20％-60．58％和1．99％-86．54％；同时，存苗率提高0-15．36％、产量提高6．56％-67．21％，而发病率则降低3．77％-43．46％。此外，人参总皂苷含量提高3．18％-57．67％，主要单体皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1分别提高4．72％～66．92％、7．50％-33．75％、7．22％-72．01％。极差分析表明。3种改良基质对人参产量及质量响应顺序为：EM菌〉发酵玉米秸秆粉〉硅藻土。结论通过农田土壤改良，促进了人参根系的生长，提高了产量及有效成分含量，改善了人参品质。

Effects of Application of Three Soil Conditioners on Yield and Quality of Farmland-Cultured ginseng

Objective To improve the farmland soil quality for ginseng cultivation using three soil corn straw, EM fungus and diatomaceous silica. Methods Based on the orthogonal test design for optimization of these conditioners, we investigated the effects on yield and quality of ginseng. Results Following supplementation of three soil conditioners, roots of 3-year-old ginseng were increased in length, diameter and weight by 0-28.85%, 7.20%-60.58% and 1.99%-86.54%, respectively. The survival rate and yield of ginseng were increased by 0-15.36% and 6.56%-67.21%, respectively, whereas the disease rate was decreased by 3.77%-43.46%. The total of ginsenosides was increased by 3.18%-57.67%. Contents of the major monomer ginsenosides such as Rgl, Re and Rbl, were increased by 4.72%-66.92%, 7.50%-33.75% and 7.22%-72.01%, respectively. The extremum difference analysis showed that three soil conditioners had positive effects on the yield and quality of ginseng in the following order：. EM fungus 〉Fermented corn straw 〉 Diatomaceous silica. Conclusions the yield and quality of ginseng could be improved by the supplementation of three soil conditioners.