复合微生物菌剂对不同阶段猪粪降解效果的研究

养殖场猪粪的不当处理会给环境造成严重污染,研究其降解变化,可以为养殖场粪便利用提供科学依据。采用恒温培养试验,研究在保育和育肥两个阶段时分别接种复合微生物菌剂(包括芽孢杆菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌、光合菌)对新鲜猪粪发酵中的有机质、全磷、全氮、硝态氮及铵态氮的影响。结果表明,复合菌剂处理与对照相比,提高了有机质的降解速度和TN、NH_4~+-N转化量。保育阶段,T2、T3处理TN下降了20.3%,NH_4~+-N下降了66.7%,T1处理TN和NH_4~+-N分别下降17.8%和55.7%,对照组分别下降了17.3%和50.7%。育肥阶段,接种菌剂的处理NH_4~+-N较培养初期下降了66.7%,对照为50.9%。试验末期,随着铵态氮降低,硝态氮有升高的趋势,大于5 g的复合菌剂添加量对猪粪降解效果不显著(P0.05),保育期和育肥期猪粪中有机质、全磷、全氮和硝态氮及铵态氮变化趋势一致。研究表明,复合菌剂对猪粪的TN、NH_4~+-N降低作用明显,但是添加量超过一定范围影响不显著(P0.05),试验末期的NO3--N增强效应,需要进一步研究。推算结果表明,复合菌剂处理的猪粪TN降低20.3%,肥料化利用,氮素循环利用趋于平衡。

Research on degradation different growing stages of pig manure effect by handling composite microbial agents

Improper treatment of pig manure in the farm could cause serious environment pollution. The degradation of pig manure can provide scientific basis for the use of farm manure. The effects of inoculated compound microbial agents(including bacillus, yeast, lactic acid bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria) on the fermentation of organic matter, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen(NO₃^--N) and ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) at the conservation and fattening stage were investigated by constant temperature test. The results showed that compound bacterium agents could increase the degradation rate of the organic matter and the inversion of TN and NH₄⁺-N compared to the blank experiments. At the conservation stage, the degradation rates of TN, NH₄⁺-N of pig manure by T2, T3 treatment were decreased by 20.3 and 66.7%, respectively, whereas the degradation rates of TN, NH₄⁺-N by T1 treatment were decreased by 17.8% and 55.7% , respectively, compared to the blank experiments ( 17.3% for TN and 50.7% for NH₄⁺-N). At the fattening stage, the degradation rate of NH₄⁺-N (66.7%) was higher than that of the blank experiments (50.9%). The inversion of NO₃^--N at last phase was increased with decreasing of NH₄⁺-N. No significant difference ( P > 0.05) in the degradation of pig manure was observed when the amount of compound bacterium agent was more than 5 g. The same trends of organic matter, TP, TN, NO₃^--N, NH₄⁺-N were observed at the conservation and fattening stage. The calculation results showed that the nitrogen cycle of pig manure in plant and livestock system tend to balance in fertilizer.