油茶高接换种嫁接成活率试验

目的]解决油茶低产园(林)改造中高接换种嫁接成活率低的问题,为油茶品种更新嫁接提供技术参考.方法]选择品种遗传性差,多年结果少的青壮年低产园进行换种试验,探讨不同嫁接时间、嫁接方法、砧木粗度、接穗成熟度对油茶高接换种嫁接成活率的影响.结果]5月嫁接成活率为83.89%,9月为67.78%,7月为45.55%;皮下腹接嫁接成活率为84.33%,皮下切接嫁接成活率为69.89%,腹接成活率为47.78%,切接(CK)成活率为36.11%,劈接成活率为222%;直径4~6 cm的大枝嫁接成活率为84.44%直径2~4 cm的嫁接成活率为64.44%,直径6 cm以上(CK)的嫁接成活率为40.67%,直径2 cm以下的嫁接成活率为36.67%;半木质化绿色枝嫁接成活率为83.89%,停展枝为50.00%,伸长枝为35.00%,褐色老枝(CK)为6.11%,未展叶嫩芽为0.结论]选用直径4~6 cm的大枝作砧木,当年生半木质化春梢或早秋梢作接穗,采用皮下腹接法,于5月嫁接,9月补接,可在一年内成功更新品种,降低油茶低产园(林)改造成本.

Trial on graft survival rate of top grafting in Camellia oleifera

【Objective】The purpose of this experiment was to improve graft survival rate and provide technical reference for cultivar upgrading of Camellia oleifera. 【Method】Young low-yielding gardens with poor hereditary and low fruiting rate were chosen for this experiment. Graft survival rate was trialed under different grafting time and method， rootstock diameter， scion maturity of Camellia oleifera. 【Result】In terms of grafting time， the graft survival rate followed the trend of May （83.89%）＞September （67.78%） ＞July （45.55%）. In terms of grafting method， the graft survival rate followed the trend of subcutaneous side grafting （84.33%）＞ subcutaneous cut grafting （69.89%）＞side grafting （47.78%）＞ cut grafting （CK）（36.11%）＞cleft grafting （2.22%）. In terms of stock diameter， the graft survival rate followed the trend of 4-6 cm of bough （84.44%）＞2-4 cm of bough （64.44%）＞over 6 cm of bough （CK） （40.67%）＞below 2 cm of bough （36.67%). In terms of scion maturity， the graft survival rate followed the trend of half lignified green branch （83.89%）＞ non-growing branch （50%）， elongation branch （35%）＞ old brown branch （CK）（6.11%）＞ tender shoot （0）. 【Conclusion】Camellia oleifera cultivar could be upgraded in one year by selecting diameter of 4-6 cm branch as stock， half lignified spring branch born this year or early autumn branch as scion， grafting in May and supplementing in September， the reconstructing cost for low-yielding garden （forest） will be decreased.