微生物分子生态学技术及其在食品产业中的应用前景

综述了新兴的不依赖于培养的微生物分子生态学技术,包括两类：不基于微生物总基因组DNA的分析方法,主要有单碳源利用图谱法和磷脂脂肪酸图谱法;基于微生物总基因组DNA的分子分析方法,主要有克隆文库分析法、宏基因组文库技术、G＋C含量分析法、总DNA复性动力学分析法、群落水平总基因组DNA交互杂交法、荧光原位杂交技术、DNA微阵列芯片技术、变性/温度梯度凝胶电泳、单链构象多态性分析、限制片段长度多态性/扩增核糖体DNA限制性分析、末端标记限制片段长度多态性、核糖体基因间隔区分析、随机扩增多态性DNA等.并提出了这套技术在食品产业中的应用前景：发现新菌种,生产新型酶制剂,优化改造新工艺,确保食品质量与安全等,为食品产业的继续开发提供新的技术支持.

Techniques of molecular microbial ecology and their potential applications in food industry

This paper reviewed the new techniques of molecular microbial ecology,which included two kinds of methods,and one was non-based on genomic DNA,including sole carbon source utilization patterns(SCSUP) and phospholipids fatty acid patterns(PLFA);the other was based on genomic DNA,including clone library analysis,metagenomics library analysis,guanine+cytosine(G+C) content analysis,total DNA re-association,community level-DNA cross hybridization,fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH),DNA micro-array,denaturing/temperature gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE/TGGE),single-stranded conformational polymorphisms(SSCP),restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP)/amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis(ARDRA),terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLP),ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis(RISA),randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD),and so on.Their potential applications in food industry were summarized: discovery of new strains,producing new enzymes,improving new techniques,and keeping food quality and safety.It provides new technical supports for deeper development of food industry.