小麦花药诱导产生单倍体植株的染色体加倍技术研究

为了提高小麦花药单倍体植株的加倍效率,以小麦冀5006/9204和核生2号/08004 F1杂交组合为试材,用不同浓度的秋水仙碱分别对小麦花药和植株分蘖节进行了处理,其中花药处理方法为在C17诱导培养基中分别加入浓度0.02‰、0.05‰和0.10‰的秋水仙碱,分蘖节处理方法为分别用浓度0.20‰、0.50‰、0.75‰和1.00‰的秋水仙碱浸泡单倍体再生植株分蘖节各5 h和10 h,研究秋水仙碱不同浓度与处理方法对染色体加倍率的影响。结果表明：在含有秋水仙碱0.02‰的诱导培养基上再生单倍体植株的染色体加倍率最高,冀5006/9204和核生2号/08004 F1代杂交组合的染色体加倍效率分别为52.38%和47.37%;0.75‰秋水仙碱溶液浸泡分蘖节5 h的染色体加倍率最高,为65.06%。尽管我们用秋水仙碱处理花药的加倍率不如处理分蘖节的效果好,但该方法可能比处理分蘖节更经济、简便,可达到快繁与加倍同时进行的目的。

Study on Chromosome Doubling Technique for Induction of Haploid Plant with Wheat Anther

For the purpose of improving the double efficiency of haploid plant in wheat tissue culture,F1 hybrid combinations of Ji 5006 /9204 and Hesheng No.2 /08004 were used,anther and the tillering nodes of the haploid plants were treated by different concentrations of colchicine,respectively.The anthers processing method was added colchicine with three concentrations of 0.02‰,0.05‰ and 0.10‰ to the culture medium induced by C17.Whereas tillering node of the haploid plants was dipped in 0.20‰,0.50‰,0.75‰ and 1.00‰ colchicine at 5 h and 10 h,respectively.The effects of different concentrations of colchicine and processing methods on chromosome doubling rate were studied.The results indicated that the chromosome doubling rate in the culture medium induced by C17 which added 0.02‰ colchicine was highest,and the chromosome doubling efficiency of F1 hybrid combinations of Ji 5006 /9204 and Hesheng No.2 /08004 were 52.38% and 47.37% respectively.The tillering node was dipped in 0.75‰ colchicine for 5 h with the highest chromosome doubling efficiency,the doubling rate was 65.05%.Although the doubling frequency of anther treatment with colchicine was lower than tillering node treatment,it was less expensive and more convenient.Therefore,it was appropriate method for haploid breeding in the future.