甘肃中部地区禾谷镰孢的变异研究

 为掌握禾谷镰孢在甘肃中部地区的分布及变异情况，从根部表现有坏死和叶鞘发褐的小麦幼苗的不同部位、小麦地土壤及玉米籽粒、玉米茎秆上分离禾谷镰孢，并以形态学为基础，参照Ｎｅｌｓｏｎ分类系统进行鉴定。结果表明，在分离到的４３个镰刀菌菌株中，有１４ 个菌株经鉴定为禾谷镰孢，均从玉米茎秆上分离到，小麦根部、小麦叶鞘、小麦地土壤、玉米籽粒中分离到的镰刀菌中未见禾谷镰孢。将禾谷镰孢在特定条件下培养后，发现１４ 个禾谷镰孢菌株产生子囊壳的数量不同，为２～９０个。在以Ｆｇ１６为引物的ＰＣＲ 反应中，随机选取的１１个禾谷镰孢菌株都产生０．４１ｋｂ的ＰＣＲ 产物，而６个对照菌株都产生０．５０ｋｂ的片段，证明引物Ｆｇ１６可以区分禾谷镰孢菌株群体的遗传多态性。以Ｔｒｉ１３为引物的ＰＣＲ 反应显示，１１个禾谷镰孢菌株以及３ 个中国对照菌株都产生脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（ＤＯＮ）毒素，而３个澳大利亚对照菌株产生雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（ＮＩＶ）毒素。

A study on the variance of Fusarium graminearum sampled from central Gansu

The occurrence of Fusarium graminearum on Triticum aestivum and Zea mays,in the middle areas of Gansu Province,China was assessed by isolation of Fusarium species from T.aestivum roots with brown rot symptoms,from T.aestivum sheaths,T.aestivum soil,Z.mays kernels,and Z.mays stalks.Fusarium isolates were identified by morphology according to Nelson's system.Fourteen of 43 Fusarium isolates were F.graminearum.It was isolated only from corn stalks.These 14 isolates produced between 2 and 90 perithecia each.PCR...