杂交籼稻新组合抗旱性鉴定评价及预测研究

为探索有效鉴定、评价及快速预测杂交籼稻新组合抗旱性的指标和方法,选择10个杂交籼稻新组合和1个对照品种为材料,采用盆栽试验进行正常水分和干旱处理。综合分析干旱胁迫条件下水稻产量及相关农艺性状的变化差异,借助产量抗旱系数、模糊数学隶属函数、抗旱性综合评价D值对杂交籼稻新组合抗旱性进行鉴定和评价,并通过主成分分析(PCAM)、相关分析(CAM)和逐步回归分析(SRM)进行抗旱指标筛选。结果表明:不同杂交籼稻新组合间抗旱能力存在显著差异,通过抗旱性综合评价D值聚类分析得出C8—沪旱7A/成旱恢30241属于强抗旱型,C_1—沪旱7A/Z4R(Si)、C_2—沪旱7A/成恢177、C_7—沪旱7A/成旱恢30248、C_9—沪旱7A/成旱恢31708和C_(10)—沪旱7A/成旱恢30218属于抗旱型,C_3—沪旱7A/成恢178、C_4—沪旱7A/成旱恢31701和C_5—沪旱7A/成旱恢31704属于中间类型,冈优725(对照品种)和C_6—沪旱7A/成旱恢31621属于不抗旱型;有效穗数、单穗实粒重和结实率的相对值可作为鉴定与评价杂交籼稻抗旱性的重要综合指标;利用逐步回归构建水稻材料抗旱性预测模型D=(245.231+1.645X_2+2.712X_4+6.494X_6+19.401X_7-2.791X_(10))×10~(-3)能准确、快速预测杂交籼稻新组合抗旱能力(其中:D为供试材料的抗旱综合评价D值,X_2、X_4、X_6、X_7和X_(10)分别为水稻干旱胁迫下有效穗数、单穗实粒数、单穗总粒重、单穗实粒重和千粒重的相对值)。

Study of identification, evaluation and prediction on the drought resistance of new indicia hybrid rice combinations

In order to explore the effective methods and indexes for identifying, evaluating and predicting the drought resistance of new indicia hybrid rice combinations, eleven new indicia hybrid rice combinations (cultivars) were selected as experiment material and were planted in the drought stress environment and alternating wet and dry environment, respectively, in our pot experiment. The yield and related traits of these new indicia hybrid rice combinations had the different responses to drought stress environments. Drought resistance of materials above were identified and evaluated comprehensively by using drought-resistant coefficient, fuzzy membership function method, and comprehensive D value of each material''s index. Drought resistance indexes were screened accurately by the principal component analytical method, correlation analysis method and stepwise regression method. The results showed that the tolerance to drought stresses of eleven indicia hybrid rice combinations (cultivars) were markedly different. By the results of cluster analysis in comprehensive D value, C₈ was classified as high drought-resistant strain; C₁, C₂, C₇, C₉ and C₁₀ as drought-resistant strains; C₃, C₄ and C₅ as intermediate types; Gangyou725 and C₆ as weak drought-resistant type. The related agronomic characters of effective panicle, filled grain weight per panicle and seed setting rate were important drought resistance indexes. The regression equation D=(245.231+1.645X₂+2.712X₄+6.494X₆+19.401X₇-2.791X₁₀)×10^-3, can be used to predict the drought-tolerance ability of new indicia hybrid rice combinations accurately and rapidly.