基于质量指数和空间自相关分析的耕地保护分区研究

以河南省漯河市为例，从耕地质量综合评价视角出发，分别计算各图斑的土壤条件、立地条件、管理水平质量指数，借助空间转换方法将耕地图斑转换为村级行政区作为质量指数空间评价单元，用空间自相关方法分析耕地质量的空间相关性和集聚特征，并据此划分耕地保护区。研究结果表明:（1）就全局而言，漯河市耕地质量指数具有一定的聚类特征，表现为较强的空间正相关性，且相关程度为管理水平指数 > 立地条件指数 > 土壤条件指数；（2）就局部而言，研究区内临近村庄间耕地质量空间属性以正相关为主，多为块状、条状集中分布；负相关仅占极小比重，呈零星分散分布；（3）基于耕地质量指数集聚性特征和耕地质量限制因子，将漯河市耕地划分为优质农田保护区、单一限制因子改良区、复合限制因子提升区和综合整治提升区，针对各保护区特点提出具体管护措施。

Cultivated Land Protection Zoning Based on Quality Index and Spatial Autocorrelation

The quality indices, including soil condition, site condition and management level, were calculated from the perspective of comprehensive evaluation of cultivated land quality in Luohe, Henan. With the spatial transformation method, the cultivated land patches were converted into village level administrative areas as the spatial evaluation unit. Spatial correlation and clustered characteristics of cultivated land in Luohe were analyzed by the methods of cultivated land quality index and spatial autocorrelation, and the cultivated land quality protection areas were zoned based on the local spatial agglomeration type and spatial polarization theory. The results showed that: (1) As a whole, the cultivated land quality index showed a clustered characteristics and had a strong spatial positive correlation, with a decreased correlation degree in the order of management level index > site condition index > soil condition index; (2) The spatial attributes of cultivated land quality were mostly positively correlated between adjacent villages and were concentrated as block and strip patterns; only a very small proportion of cultivated land quality was negatively correlated between villages and were scatteredly distribution; (3) Based on the agglomeration characteristics of cultivated land quality index and the limiting factor of cultivated land quality, the areas of cultivated land in Luohe were divided into high-quality farmland protection area, single limiting factor improvement area, compound limiting factor promotion area and comprehensive improvement area. Specific management and protection measures were proposed according to the characteristics of each area.