山东高粱品种资源农艺性状及营养品质分析

对山东省现有的1223份高粱地方品种资源的农艺性状和部分材料的抗逆性、抗病虫性以及籽粒的蛋白质含量、赖氨酸含量和单宁含量进行了分析,结果表明:农艺性状中株高以高秆品种最多,其次是特高秆品种,生育期集中在106～120d,千粒重以小粒品种和中粒品种最多,分别占34.59%、43.34%;穗长集中在20.1～35cm,穗粒重集中在30.1～70g;穗型以散穗最多,粒色以红粒为主,壳色以黑壳最多。高粱抗性中,已经鉴定的材料有2份耐盐性为1级,96.09%材料的耐盐级别为4、5级,有4份材料抗旱为1级,有2份材料对黑穗病免疫,多数材料不抗螟虫和蚜虫,但有9份材料抗螟性为1、2级;在已经测定的种质资源中有79.16%的材料蛋白质含量低于12.5%,有7份材料的蛋白质含量超过15%,有81.54%的材料赖氨酸含量在0.21%～0.40%之间,有4份材料赖氨酸含量超过0.45%,单宁平均含量0.645%,基本成正态分布,有101份材料含量低于0.1%。总之,山东省地方品种资源农艺性状、抗性、籽粒品质变异类型丰富,可以为高粱育种提供良好的种质资源。

Analysis on Agriculture Characters, Resistance and Nutrition Quality of the Local Sorghum Genus in Shandong Province

Agriculture characters, resistance, nutrition quality of the local sorghum accessions were investigated. It was indicated that the amount and percentage of accessions with high plant height was in majority, secondly accessions with highest plant height. Duration of most of local sorghum was 106~120 days; 1000-kernel weight was centralized at 20.1~30g; Spike grain weight pool at 30.1~70g; the local sorghum with loose spike was most popular, those of red grain or black hull, either. Resisting character were concerning, 2 accessions were at one grade for saline tolerance, 4 were at one grade for drought tolerance, 2 were immune for smut, most accessions were worse for bollworm and aphid resistance among examined accessions. Rough protein content of 79.16% accessions was under 12.5%, that of 7 was above 15%, as for lysine content, 81.54% was between 0.21%~0.40%, that of 4 was above 0.45%, average content of tannin was 0.645%, tannin content was almost normal distribution among tested accessions. In a word, variation of agriculture characters, resistance, nutrition quality of the local sorghum accessions in Shandong province was rich, and sorghum breeding can be provided with better accessions.