棉花核雄性不育系的培育与利用研究进展

为促进棉花核雄性不育杂交种在在生产上大面积应用,对棉花核雄性不育系的类型、培育与利用、杂交种生产方法等进行了综述。介绍17种棉花核雄性不育系的基因类型及其不育性遗传,通过采用自然突变体的选择、人工诱变、人工转育和改良、生物技术创造等方法培育核雄性不育系,应用于棉花育种研究,中国选育出利用ms14和ms5ms6的核雄性不育杂交种28个,杂交制种技术方法和标记不育系的研究进展为高效简化的杂交制种技术提供支撑。分析指出棉花核雄性不育系的应用前景较好,提出核雄性不育杂交种扩大应用的技术关键是要在标记不育系的研究和创造方面取得突破,在当前核不育杂交种制种中采取不拔除可育株、标记后人工辅助去雄可节约制种用工而不降低制种产量。

Advances in Development and Utilization of Nuclear Male-sterile Lines in Cotton

The methodology of developing nuclear male-sterile line and its usage in cotton were reviewed in the paper. There were 17 kinds of nuclear male-sterile lines that were developed through different methods including selecting from mutants, artificial induction, genetic improvement and creating by biological technique. With male sterility (ms14 and ms5ms6) applied to cotton breeding, 28 hybrid varieties were bred in China. The research on production of hybrid seeds and marker of male sterility was also summarized. It is proposed that the key of extending utilization of male sterility is to break through in creating marked male-sterile lines, and assistant castration by manual work is efficiency in currently production of nuclear male-sterile hybrid seeds.