几个优良籼稻亲本品质配合力和杂种优势分析

以3个不育系和10个恢复系为材料,采用NCII交配设计研究10个米质性状的配合力和杂种优势,结果表明:(1)大多数品质性状介于双亲之间,除粒重表现一定的超高亲优势,垩白度和粒宽表现一定的正向平均优势外,其它品质性状优势不明显。(2)杂种稻米的品质性状主要受不育系或恢复系的影响,其中,对于粒长、粒宽和直链淀粉含量这3个性状,不育系的影响要高于恢复系,而对于整精米率、粒重、垩白率、垩白度和糊化温度,则表现为恢复系的影响要高于不育系。(3)就优质育种的利用价值而言,不育系中以广占63-4S为好,而恢复系中则以扬稻6号为好,蜀恢527、镇恢084次之,用上述亲本选配的杂交组合米质较好;恢复系特青、盐恢559表现为一般配合力效应差,特殊配合力方差小,优质育种利用价值不大。

Combining ability and heterosis analysis on some elite rice parent for quality traits

Thirty hybrid combinations and their parents from 3 male sterile lines crossed to 10 restorer lines according NCII mode were employed to study the combining ability and heterosis for rice quality, and the results showed that: (i) Most rice quality traits of hybrid combinations showed the value between their parents, and the rice quality traits had no significant heterosis except the grain weight showed the over-high-parent heterosis, grain chalkiness had positive average heterosis. (ii) Male sterile lines and restorer lines had a great effect on the hybrid rice quality. For example, the 3 traits of grain length, grain width and amylose content, heavily depended on the male sterile lines, as for the quality traits of head rice rate, grain weight, chalky grain rate, grain chalkiness, alkali spreading value, et al, the impact of restorer lines was much higher than male sterile lines. (iii) Parents of guangzhan 63-4S, yangdao 6, shuhui 527 and zhenhui 084, have good GCA and SCA for quality traits and can be widely used for breeding new hybrid combinations with good quality. Parents of teqing and yanghui 559, showed the low GCA and SCA for quality traits and had no significant merits on rice hybrid quality breeding.