有序摆抛栽对超级稻超高产与光合生产力的影响及水稻超高产模式探索

抛秧是一项水稻轻简化栽培技术，有序化栽插是抛秧稻稳定高产和进一步超高产的基础。本试验通过摆栽、点抛、撒抛3种抛栽方式以及新型秧盘培育稻株的光合物质积累特性的比较，旨在研明水稻有序化栽插超高产的光合物质积累特性，并探索水稻超高产新模式。有序摆栽和点抛群体起点质量高，发棵快，各生育时期群体叶面积、粒叶比、光合势、物质生产、积累、后期剑叶光合速率和物质转运均优于撒抛，后期通风透光性好，仍能保持较强的物质生产和抗倒伏能力，最终产量高。二连孔、三连孔栽插较单孔减少1/3~1/2，提高了栽插速度。三连孔稻苗前期活棵较快，二连孔稻株中、后期表现出较强的优势，能保持较强抗倒伏和群体物质生产能力，最终产量表现为二连孔稻株大于三连孔和单孔，三连孔和单孔稻株间差异不显著。有序摆抛栽稻群体起点质量高，活棵快，前期有着适宜的光合物质积累和叶面积，后期保持较强的光合物质生产、积累和转运能力，是实现超级稻稳定超高产的基础，二连孔稻株整个生育时期均表现出较强的物质生产和生长优势，三连孔稻株也具有一定优势，二连孔、三连孔有序摆抛栽是一种水稻省工超高产栽培新模式。

Effect of Ordered Transplanting and Optimized Broadcasting on Super High Yield and Photosynthetic Productivity and Exploration of Rice Super High Yield Model

Rice seedling broadcasting is a technique of light and simple cultivation method in China and the stable super high yield from using the method relies on the ordered plantation of rice. Three planting methods including ordered transplanting (OT), optimized broadcasting (OB) and cast transplanting (CT) using dry-raising seedlings in plastic plates were compared with mechanical transplanting (MT) to investigate the photosynthetic productivity and matter accumulation characteristics during the formation of super high yield in respect of seedling establishment, tillering, LAI, grain-leaf ratio, photosynthetic potential, matter production, accumulation and translocation in late stages. Using methods of ordered transplanting and optimized broadcasting rice seedlings had the better population quality with earlier seedling establishment at the beginning, and their LAI, leaf area duration, grain-leaf ratio, matter production, accumulation in each growing stage, and net photosynthetic rate and matter translocation in later growing stages were all significantly or very significantly superior to those of cast transplanting. Moreover, in late growing stages, they showed comparatively better population light transmittance and ventilation, slower senescence, and higher matter production and lodging resistance as well. The transplanting hill number for of 3- and 2-hole closely gathered plates were 30–60 percent less than that for single-hole ones, which improved transplanting speed. Although 3-hole seedlings had earlier seedling establishment in early growing stage, 2-hole seedlings kept higher matter production and lodging resistance in middle and late growing stages. Eventually, two hole seedings had higher yield than 3-hole seedlings and 1-hole seedlings. With their higher population starting point, earlier seedling establishment, proper matter accumulation in early growing stage as well as higher matter production, accumulation and translocation ability in later growing stages, ordered transplanting and optimized broadcasting methods were capable of leading to the stable super high yielding cultivation of super rice. Two-hole plate transplanting seedlings showed better matter production and obvious growth superiority during the whole growth stage, and 3-hole one also showed growth superiority in some aspects, which could lead us to the conclusion that 2- and 3-hole plate seedlings ordered transplanting are new-typed cultivation patterns of super high yielding in super rice.