施肥方式对蔬菜地土壤中8种抗生素残留的影响

从浙江省杭州、嘉兴和绍兴等3个地级市采集了4种不同施肥方式下(分别为施用畜禽粪+化肥、商品有机肥+化肥、沼渣+化肥和单施化肥)的蔬菜地表层土壤样品44个,分析了4类8种抗生素(包括四环素类抗生素的土霉素、四环素和金霉素,喹诺酮类抗生素的恩诺沙星,磺胺类抗生素的磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶和磺胺甲噁唑及大环内脂类抗生素的泰乐菌素)的残留情况,探讨了施肥方式对蔬菜地土壤中抗生素残留的影响。结果表明,蔬菜地土壤中抗生素的检出率和残留含量与施肥方式密切相关。8种检测的抗生素中土霉素的检出率和残留含量明显高于其他种类的抗生素,土霉素的平均含量占8种抗生素总量平均值的67.03%。抗生素的检出率和平均含量由高至低依次为:土霉素磺胺二甲嘧啶恩诺沙星四环素磺胺甲噁唑、泰乐菌素金霉素磺胺嘧啶;四环素类抗生素磺胺类抗生素。土壤中各类抗生素的检出率及含量均为施用畜禽粪的蔬菜地施用商品有机肥的蔬菜地施用沼渣的蔬菜地单施化肥的蔬菜地,施用畜禽粪的蔬菜地土壤中抗生素残留量明显高于其他蔬菜地。试验结果表明,畜禽粪是蔬菜地土壤抗生素的主要来源,商品有机肥和沼渣的施用对蔬菜地土壤中抗生素的残留也有一定的贡献。

Residues of Eight Antibiotics in Vegetable Soils Affected by Fertilization Methods

Total forty-four representative soil samples were collected from vegetable fields in Hangzhou, Jiaxing, and Shaoxing city of Zhe-jiang Province for measuring concentrations of eight antibiotics, including chloroteracycline, tetracycline, oxytetracyline, enrofloxacin, sulfa-diazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, and tylosin. Effects of four fertilization methods (application of livestock and poultry manure, application of commercial organic fertilizer, application of biogas residue and application of chemical fertilizer) on residues of the antibiotics in the soils were investigated. The results showed that the detection proportions and concentrations of the antibiotics in the soils varied with application methods of fertilizers and species of antibiotics. The concentration of chloroteracycline in the soils was much higher than those of other antibiotics. Mean percentage proportion of chloroteracycline in total residues of eight antibiotics was 67.03%. The detection proportions and concentrations of the antibiotics decreased in the sequence of chloroteracycline>sulfamethazine>enrofloxacin>tetracycline>sulfamethoxazole,tylosin>oxytetracycline>sulfadiazine. The detection proportion and concentration of the tetracyclines were greater than those of the sulfon-amides. The residues of the antibiotics in the soils applied with livestock and poultry manure were much greater than those of other vegetable soils, and the detection proportions and concentrations of the antibiotics in the soils decreased in the sequence of fields with application of livestock and poultry manure>fields with application of commercial organic fertilizer>fields with application of biogas residue>fields with ap-plication of chemical fertilizer. The results indicate that the livestock and poultry manure is the main source of antibiotics in vegetable soils,and application of commercial organic fertilizer and biogas residue also have certain contribution to antibiotics residues in vegetable soils.