‘玉露香梨’僵芽发生与内源激素和碳氮营养的关系

针对部分梨园中‘玉露香梨’出现的僵芽现象,以河北魏县发生僵芽的‘玉露香梨’短枝顶芽为试验材料,以与该梨园相邻的,以及山西太谷地区的正常梨园中的‘玉露香梨’短枝顶芽为对照,采用石蜡切片法、间接酶联免疫测定法、蒽酮比色法和凯氏定氮法,分析僵芽的发生时间和短枝顶芽在花芽形态分化期间的内源激素、碳氮营养含量变化及其与僵芽发生的关系。结果表明,僵芽发生始于7月上中旬花萼分化期;僵芽内IAA含量在7月初—7月中上旬显著高于正常芽,ABA含量在6月中旬—8月上中旬显著低于正常芽,GA3含量在整个花芽形态分化期内显著高于正常芽,ZR含量在6月初显著高于正常芽,ZR/GA3、ABA/GA3、ABA/ZR显著低于正常芽;僵芽梨园(魏县)新梢年生长量极显著大于正常梨园,生长天数长于正常梨园,其芽内可溶性糖、淀粉等营养物质和碳氮比显著低于正常梨园。僵芽梨园(魏县)枝条旺长,芽内高含量的IAA和GA3,低含量的ABA和碳水化合物,阻断了花芽正常分化,导致僵芽的发生。

Effects of Endogenous Hormone,Carbon and Nitrogen Nutrition on Development of Wizened Bud in ‘Yulu Xiangli’ Pear

‘Yulu Xiangli’pear has wizened bud phenomenon in some orchards，which induces low yield. Experiments were conducted to investigate the appearing time and relative reasons induced wizened bud including endogenous hormone contents，carbon and nitrogen nutrition during flower bud differentiation using normal flower buds in short shoot from Weixian，Hebei and Taigu，Shanxi as control，wizened bud in Weixian as research material with methods of paraffin method，indirect ELISA，anthrone colorimetry and Kjeldahl in order to explore the formation mechanism then provide the theory for the prevention of wizened bud in pear. The results showed that wizened bud phenomenon appeared during sepal differentiation phase from early July to mid July. The content of indole acetic acid（IAA）in wizened bud was obviously higher than normal during initial period. The content of abscisic acid（ABA）in the wizened bud was significantly lower than normal during mid June to mid August. But the content of gibberellic acid（GA3）was significantly higher in wizened bud than normal. Content of the zeatin riboside（ZR）in wizened bud was significantly higher than that in the normal pear orchard from early June to mid June. ZR/GA3，ABA/GA3，and ABA/ZR in buds of normal pear orchard were significantly higher than those in the wizened bud pear orchard. The annual branch growth amount in the wizened bud pear orchard were significantly more than normal pear orchards. Days of annual branches growth in the wizened bud pear orchard were significantly longer than normal pear orchards. Soluble sugar，starch and C/N in wizened bud were significantly lower than those in the normal buds. In wizened bud pear orchard，the branches grow faster and buds had high content of IAA，GA3 and low content of ABA，carbohydrate，which inhibited the normal differentiation of flower buds and induced the occurrence of wizened bud.