中华绒螯蟹家系定向构建与定向育苗技术研究

利用中华绒螯蟹3个群体：“苏蟹一号”F4代选育群体、长江野生群体和沿海河口野生群体及其4大类杂交组合,通过笼式和坑式定向交配设计,实现了规模化定向构建中华绒螯蟹全同胞家系和父系半同胞家系。坑式交配采用亲蟹1雌1雄,共定向构建9个全同胞交配土坑;笼式交配采用亲蟹3雌1雄,共设置交配网笼17个。至2009年4月,经过越冬暂养,其中坑配亲蟹的抱卵率及越冬成活率达100%,笼配49只雌蟹获抱卵蟹亲蟹为45只,越冬成活30只。为尽量减少由于繁育条件不一致造成的各家系间的环境偏差,使每个家系幼体培育阶段的条件尽量保持一致,共选择抱卵蟹26只进行育苗。采用面积2×667 m^2室外土池6只,选择6只坑配抱卵蟹,按照一池一只设计,进行室外天然海水土池生态定向育苗;采用3 m×2 m×1.5 m聚乙烯网箱20只,选择20只笼配抱卵蟹按照一箱一只设计,进行室外土池网箱定向育苗。通过规模化培育,最终成功构建20个中华绒螯蟹家系,其中父系半同胞6个,共培育家系蟹苗280万只。

Study on the Establishment of Families and Yearing Techniques for Eriocheir sinensis

The experiment on large-scale family construction of Eriocheir sinensis was done for the four groups derived from＂Su Xie 1＂the F4 generation of selective breeding community,the Yangtze River wild population,the coastal river mouth wild population and 4 broad heading hybrid combination.The Long pei mating and the Keng pei mating design were used to construct full-sib families and paternal haf-sib families.The keng pei were used to mate the crab 1 female to 1 male,altogether the direction detection constructs 9 entire sib mating pit;The long pei were used to mate the crab 3 female to 1 male,altogether establishes copulation net cage 30.To April,2009,the process was survived the winter raises temporarily,the pit matches the crab to hold the egg rate and survives the winter the survival rate to reach 100%,the cage matches 49 female crabs to attain hugs the egg crab to mate the crab respectively was 45,overwintering survival percentage was 30.To reduce environment deviation,as far as possible,breeding condition during each stage of cultivation were standardized.Adopt outside local 6 area 2×667 m^2 pool the pit choosing 6 mates oogenesis crab,pool one was designed that according to one,pool organism＇s habits orientation carrying out outside natural sea natural environment and climate grow seedlings.Adopting 20 3 m×2 m×1.5 m polyethylene net cages the crab choosing 20 single steamers matching oogenesis was designed that according to a box of one,carrying out outside countrified pool net cage orientation growing seedlings.Through the formalization cultivation,finally 20 families were established,including 6 paternal haf-sib families;the seedling 2,500,000 were obtained.The results of this study set up a foundation for selective breeding E.sinensis form the Yangtze River especially the material and provided the technical support.