56个苦瓜品种的主要植物学性状分析

为科学评价中国南方苦瓜种质资源,对参展的56个苦瓜品种的瓜长、瓜横径、单瓜重、节间长、茎粗、叶片长、叶片宽等主要植物学性状进行多样性、相关性和聚类分析。结果表明：56个苦瓜品种的7个农艺性状变异系数在8.81%~19.44%之间,平均变异系数为14.21%,单瓜重变异系数最大为19.44%,瓜横径变异系数最小为8.81%。相关性分析表明各农艺性状之间存在相关性,其中叶片长与叶片宽的正相关系数最高达0.978,单瓜重与节间长的负相关系数最高达0.451。通过聚类分析将56个品种划分为3个组群,其中92.86%的材料集中在第1和第2组群,第3组群仅有4份材料。研究结果可为南方地区苦瓜资源的栽培利用和遗传改良提供参考。

Main Botanical Characters of 56 Bitter Gourd Varieties

To scientifically evaluate the bitter gourd resources in southern China, the authors conducted the diversity, correlation and cluster analysis on major botanical characters of 56 varieties, including the fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, internode length, stem diameter, leaf length, and leaf width. The results showed that the coefficient of variation was between 8.81% and 19.44%, with the average of 14.21%, the CV of fruit weight was the largest (19.44%) and that of the fruit width was the smallest (8.81%). Correlation analysis found that the agronomic characters of plants were correlated, leaf length and leaf width were positively correlated with the correlation coefficient of 0.978, and the negative correlation coefficient between the fruit weight and internode length was 0.451. The 56 bitter gourd varieties were divided into 3 groups by cluster analysis, of which 92.86% of the varieties belonged to group 1 and group 2, and only 4 varieties were in group 3. This research could provide references for cultivation and genetic improvement of bitter gourd resources in southern China.