Brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) envenomation in small animals |
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Authors: | Lonny B. Pace DVM Richard S. Vetter MS |
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Affiliation: | Central California Veterinary Specialty Center, Fresno, CA 93710;;the Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 and Biology Division, San Bernardino County Museum, Redlands, CA, 92373 |
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Abstract: | Objective – To provide a comprehensive review of relevant literature regarding the brown recluse spider (BRS) and to define those criteria that must be satisfied before making a diagnosis of brown recluse envenomation. Etiology – The complex venom of the BRS contains sphingomyelinase D, which is capable of producing all the clinical signs in the human and some animal models. Diagnosis – There is no current commercially available test. In humans there are many proposed guidelines to achieve a definitive diagnosis; however, there are no established guidelines for veterinary patients. Therapy – Currently, no consensus exists for treatment of BRS envenomation other than supportive care, which includes rest, thorough cleaning of the site, ice, compression, and elevation. Prognosis – Prognosis varies based on severity of clinical signs and response to supportive care. |
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Keywords: | dermonecrotic Loxosceles matrix metalloproteinases sphingomyelinase D |
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