梨组织培养与遗传转化研究进展

为了总结梨组织培养和遗传转化方面的研究进展,为今后更好地开展梨遗传改良工作奠定基础,本研究分析了培养基类型、植物生长调节剂种类和浓度等对茎尖培养和叶片培养过程中各环节的影响,阐述了外植体的褐变原因及对策,归纳了目前梨遗传转化研究中导入的外源基因,分析了基因型、抗生素、农杆菌等因素对梨遗传转化效率的影响,最后总结了转基因植株的鉴定方法。在前人研究的基础上认为存在以下问题:(1)受基因型的限制,梨组织培养和遗传转化的范围还较窄;(2)农杆菌介导的遗传转化方法,转化频率不稳定;(3)与品质、抗性等相关的功能基因的遗传转化研究还不够深入。因此,今后需要建立高效稳定的再生和转化体系,开发更有效的遗传转化方法,并加快功能基因的研究,从而加速梨的遗传改良工作。

Advances in Tissue Culture and Genetic Transformation of Pear

In order to summarize the research progress of pear tissue culture and genetic transformation, and lay the foundation for genetic improvement of pear in the future, this paper mainly analyzed the influence of medium types, the type and concentration of plant growth regulators on the process of tissue culture, such as shoot tips culture and leaves culture; discussed the reason of explants browning and countermeasures; summarized the foreign imported genes in genetic transformation of pear currently; analyzed the influence of genotype, antibiotics, and agrobacterium on the efficiency of pear genetic transformation; and finally summarized the identification method of transgenic pear plants. On the basis of previous studies, the current research mainly exist the following problems: (1) Restricted by genotype, the scope of pear tissue culture and genetic transformation research is still narrow; (2) The transformation frequency is not stable using agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method; (3) Genetic transformation of functional genes associated with quality and resistance is not deep enough. Therefore, it need to establish the highly efficient and stable regeneration and transformation system, and develop the more effective genetic transformation method, and accelerate the research of functional genes, thus expedite the genetic improvement of pear varieties in the future.