新疆小麦品种及部分引进小麦品种资源的HMW-GS组成与分布

为了给新疆小麦品质育种中种质资源的合理利用提供依据,利用SDS-PAGE电泳技术,对66份新疆小麦品种、69份国内引进小麦品种及67份国外引进小麦品种的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成情况进行了分析和比较。结果表明,不同来源的小麦品种间HMW-GS变异及亚基组成类型存在较大差异,在新疆材料中,Glu-1位点共检测到11种亚基和10种亚基组合类型;国内引进材料中,Glu-1位点共检测到14种亚基和17种亚基组合类型;国外材料中,Glu-1位点共检测到18种亚基和29种亚基组合类型。但新疆材料中具有优质亚基5 10和14 15的品种(分别占28.5%和1.5%)明显少于国内外材料。这些结果说明新疆材料的遗传亲本基因比较匮乏,而国外材料的亚基变异及亚基组成种类非常丰富,因此新疆在今后的育种中要重视利用具有优质遗传背景的材料,以提高新疆小麦品种优质HMW-GS的分布频率。

The Compositions and Distribution of HMW-GS in Wheat Cultivars of Xingjiang and Wheat Germplasms Introduced from Other Provinces of China and Overseas

In order to provide references for utilizing germplasm resources in Xinjiang wheat quality breeding,the HMW-GS components of 66 cultivars from Xinjiang,69 varieties from other provinces of China and 67 varieties from overseas,were analyzed by SDS-PAGE method,the bread-making quality scores of these cultivars were compared.The results showed that the HMW-GS distribution and subunit combinations have apparent difference among cultivars from different origins.A total of 11 kinds of HMW-GS alleles and 10 kinds of HMW-GS combinations were found at locus of Glu-1 in cultivars from Xinjiang,a total of 14 HMW-GS alleles and 17 HMW-GS combinations were found at Glu-1 in wheat varieties from other province of China,a total 18 HMW-GS alleles and 29 HMW-GS combinations were found at Glu-1 in wheat varieties from overseas.But the proportion of subunits with high-quality in Xinjiang varieties was lower than those from other province of China and overseas,such as the frequency of subunits 5 10 and 14 15 in Xinjiang cultivars was 28.5% and 1.5%,respectively.It showed that the genetic variation of quality HMW-GS in Xinjiang wheat cultivars was deficient,while that was abundant in wheat varieties from other provinces of China and overseas.So we should make good use of those introduced wheat varieties with high-uality subunits for improving the frequency of HMW-GS in Xinjiang quality wheat breeding.