桃粉蚜在桃树杏树上种群动态及越冬生物学研究

[目的]对桃粉蚜Hyalopterus amygdali (Blanchard)在桃树与杏树上发生规律及越冬生物学进行研究.[方法]在不同寄主、不同方位,定点、定时对桃粉蚜进行系统调查研究.[结果]桃粉蚜为迁移型蚜虫,在新疆桃粉蚜以卵在桃树枝条的腋芽、树皮裂缝处越冬.从3月下旬开始孵化出干母.4月下旬出现无翅孤雌蚜.在桃树与杏树上发生高峰期均为5月下旬.5月下旬有翅蚜迁移到田间夏季寄主上繁殖,9月中旬又迁回到桃树上, 10月上旬开始出现性蚜,10月中旬产卵.不同方位在不同季节的发生量也各有不同:在桃树,夏季朝南方向的数量高,秋季中部数量高.而杏树,夏季朝北方向数量高.[结论]桃粉蚜越冬主要集中在桃树上.杏树比桃树发生重,并在发生时间上有前后关系.

Population Dynamics and Overwintering Bionomics of Hyalopterus amygdali in Peach and Apricot

[Objective and Method]This article studies the occurrence law and overwintering bionomics of the Hyalopterus amygdali in peach and apricot.A systematic research on different host,different direction,the definite place,time of Hyalopterus amygdali were conducted.[Result] Results showed that the Hyalopterus amygdali's eggs are laid at the base of buds or in the cracks of the tree peel in winter,they hatch in the last ten-day period of March and wingless virginogeniae occur in the last ten-day period of April in Xinjiang.It has arising rush in the last ten-day period of May in both peach and apricot;then aphids with wings transport into field in the last ten-day period of May as the summer host.In the middle ten-day period of September,return to peach again and peach sexuals occur in the first ten-day period of October,then they lay eggs in the peach.The arising quantity will be different due to the different part of plants and season.In peach tree,the peach aphid arises excessively in southern part in summer;while arises excessively in autumn.In apricot tree,it arises excessively on the northern part.[Conclusion]Hyalopterus amygdali mainly live in peach trees through the winter.The occurrance of Hyalopterus amygdale in apricot were more severe than in peach and there are relationships between occurrance of different time.