苹果小吉丁虫对病虫害诱导野苹果树挥发物触角电位和行为反应

  目的  探索苹果小吉丁虫Agrilus mali对寄主野苹果Malus sieversii 挥发物行为反应。  方法  采用动态顶空套袋吸附法收集不同受害状态下野苹果枝条与枝干挥发物，测定苹果小吉丁虫对寄主挥发物触角电位和行为反应。  结果  共获得9类46种挥发性化合物，包括醇类、脂类、醛类、烷烃类、烯烃类、酮类、萜类、醚类及其他类。与健康枝条释放的挥发物相比，受苹果小吉丁虫危害枝条中二十烷、十五烷相对含量增加，丁烯醇、2-甲基丙烯醛、十七烷、二十一烷、环庚三烯、环己酮、α-蒎烯、甘菊蓝等8种挥发物相对含量有所降低，增加的有化合物种类为顺-3-己烯醇、己醛、癸醛、壬醛、(+)-柠檬烯等14种；受苹果腐烂病菌Valsa mali危害的枝条，十五烷、十七烷、3,7-二甲基癸烷，二十烷、α-蒎烯相对含量增加，二十一烷、环己酮、环庚三烯、甘菊蓝相对含量减少，增加的化合物种类为顺-3-己烯醇、丁酸丁酯、己醛、(+)-α-蒎烯、(+)-柠檬烯等12种。与健康枝干释放挥发物相比，受苹果小吉丁虫危害枝干，顺-3-己烯醇、α-蒎烯、(?)-α-蒎烯、莰烯相对含量增加，己醛、环庚三烯、β-蒎烯、甘菊蓝相对含量有所降低，增加的化合物种类分别为3-辛烯-2-醇、丁酸丁酯、癸醛、十五烷、(+)-香橙烯等17种；受苹果腐烂病菌危害枝干中，己醛相对含量增加，顺-3-己烯醇、丙烯醛、环己酮、α-蒎烯、(?)-α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、甘菊蓝相对含量降低，增加的化合物种类分别为苯甲醛、十五烷、双戊烯等11种化合物。能引起苹果小吉丁虫雌雄成虫触角产生较强触角电位反应物质包括(?)-α-蒎烯、壬醛、(+)-α-蒎烯、苯甲醛、癸醛、丙烯酸丁酯，行为测定中具有趋向反应的物质有(?)-α-蒎烯、α-蒎烯、(+)-β-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、癸醛、壬醛。  结论  综合触角电位和行为反应测定结果表明:(?)-α-蒎烯、壬醛、癸醛对苹果小吉丁虫成虫具有较好的引诱作用。图1表3参27

Electroantennogram and behavioral responses of Agrilus mali to the volatiles from Malus sieversii trees induced by pest and disease

  Objective  This study aims to explore the electroantennogram and behavioral responses of Agrilus mali to the volatiles from Malus sieversii trees in different damaged states to provide reference for the research and development of highly effective attractants.  Method  The volatiles were collected by using dynamic headspace adsorption from branches and limbs of M. sieversii trees.  Result  There are total of 46 volatile compounds in 9 categories has been obtained, including alcohols, lipids, aldehydes, alkanes, alkenes, ketones, terpenes, ethers and others. Compared with healthy branches, the relative contents of eicosane and pentadecane increased in A. mali damaged branches, while the relative contents of 8 volatiles such as butenol, 2-methylacrolein, heptadecane, heneicosane, cycloheptatriene, cyclohexanone, α-pinene and chamomile decreased. Fourteen compounds were added such as cis-3-hexenol, hexanal, decanal, nonanal, (+)-limonene etc. In Valsa mali damaged branches, pentadecane, heptadecane, 3,7-dimethyldecane, eicosane and α-pinene increased, and heneicosane, cyclohexanone, cycloheptatriene, azulene decreased. Twelve compounds were added such as cis-3-hexenol, butyl butyrate, hexanal, (+)-α-pinene, (+)-limonene, etc. Compared with the volatilides released from healthy limbs, the relative contents of cis-3-hexenol, α-pinene, (?)-α-pinene and camphene were increased in A. mali damaged limbs, and hexanal, cycloheptane, β-pinene, cycloheptatriene, azulene contents decreased. Seventeen compounds were added such as 3-octene-2-alcohol, butyl butyrate, decanal pentadecane, (+)-aromadendrene, etc. In Valsa mali damaged limbs, hexanal increased, and cis-3-hexenol, acrolein, cyclohexanone, α-pinene, (?)-α-pinene, β-pinene and azulene decreased. Eleven compounds were added such as benzaldehyde, pentadecane, dipentene, etc. EAG responses and behaviour of A. mali towards volatiles released by host were tested. The results showed that strong EAG reactants could be produced in the antennae of male and female adults of A. mali, these compounds were (?)-α-pinene, nonanal, (+)-α-pinene, benzaldehyde, decanal, butyl acrylate. A. mali were attracted by (?)-α-pinene, α-pinene, (+)-β-pinene, β-pinene, decanal, nonanal in the behavior bioassay.  Conclusion  According to the results of EAG responses and behavioral orientation, the (?)-a-pinene, nonanal and decanal had good attraction to the adult of Agrilus mali.Ch, 1 fig. 3 tab. 27 ref.]