天然红松种群遗传多样性和遗传分化的研究

ISSR是一种特异性较强、稳定性较高的分子标记方法。本研究采用ISSR-PCR技术,检测了红松(PinuskoraiensisSieb.etZucc)在伊春市汤旺河高峰林场、长白山二道白河、黑河胜山林场和俄罗斯海参崴市郊的四个种群的遗传多样性和遗传分化。15个引物的扩增结果表明:红松群体的多态位点比率是60.70%,平均每个引物3.6个多态位点,多样性水平在松科植物中是较高的;红松分布中心区的遗传多样性要高于边界区;和大多数木本植物一致,红松群体的基因多样性主要来自种群内部,占总基因多样性的73%;红松四个种群的遗传距离和地理距离之间无正相关性。根据研究结果推测,天然红松分布区逐渐缩小的原因不是由于遗传多样性水平过低引起的,而是由于人类的破坏作用,再加上火灾和风倒等因素造成的。

Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of natural Pinus koraiensis population

Genetic diversities and genetic differentiations of the four Pinus koraiensis populations (Gaofeng Forestry Farm at Tangwanghe in Yichun City, Erdaobaihe Town in the Changbai Mountains, Shengshan Forestry Farm in Heihe City, in China, and the suburb of Vladi-vostok City in Russia) were analyzed by using ISSR-PCR technique. The results of 15 primers amplification showed that the ratio of poly-morphic site of P. koraiensis population was 60.7%. Each primer had 3.6 polymorphic sites. The diversity levels of the four P. koraiensis populations were rather higher compared with those of other Pinaceae species. The genetic diversity levels of P. koraiensis populations grown in the center region were higher than those grown in the edge zone. The genetic diversity of P. koraiensis mainly came from the inte-rior of the population, accounting for 73% of total genetic diversity. There were no positive correlation between genetic distances and geo-graphical distances for the four P. koraiensis populations. The gradual decrease of natural distribution region of P. koraiensis was due to an-thropic destroy and environmental factors (i.e. fire and wind throw), rather than the lower genetic diversity.