Relationships among abundance of galls,survivorship, and mortality factors in a cynipid wasp, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Andricus moriokae</Emphasis> (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) |
| |
Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Masato?ItoEmail author Naoki?Hijii |
| |
Institution: | (1) Laboratory of Forest Protection, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan |
| |
Abstract: | We describe the relationships among patterns of abundance of galls, survivorship, and mortality factors in the sexual generation
of a cynipid wasp, Andricus moriokae, and detail the impacts of abundant parasitoid species on the survivorship of the cynipid in relation to the abundance patterns
of galls. The mean number of galls per shoot, the frequency distribution of number of galls on a single shoot, and the mean
number of galls per shoot in respective shoot size classes (the number of leaves per shoot) did not differ significantly between
two sample trees. The relative impacts of the three mortality factors differed between trees, having different consequences
for the survivorship of the cynipid. The rate of parasitoid attack, the main cause of mortality, was higher in the tree on
which the cynipids survived better. On the other hand, the mortalities caused by gall predation and gall abortion were higher
in the tree with the lower survival rate of the cynipid. Galls appeared more frequently on larger shoots on both trees. However,
the survival rate and the mortality rates caused by three mortality factors did not differ among shoot size classes within
each tree. The species composition of the parasitoid assemblage changed with shoot size, but the patterns of change differed
between trees with similar abundance patterns of galls. Thus, the survivorship and mortality factors of the cynipid were probably
not related to the abundance patterns of galls. |
| |
Keywords: | Abundance pattern Cynipid gall wasp Mortality factors Parasitoid assemblage Survivorship |
本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
|