大蒜高产优质高效的氮磷钾配合施用技术研究

1998~2001年连续三年多点研究大蒜高产优质高效的氮磷钾配合施用技术。结果表明,氮磷钾配施可以大幅度提高大蒜的产量,三年平均,蒜苗、蒜苔和蒜头产量较不施钾肥的对照分别提高13.9%~39.2%、24.2%~33.2%和17.3%~24.5%,平均增产30.5%、29.4%和21.2%。增施氮肥也能有效提高蒜苗和蒜苔的产量;磷肥用量不足,蒜头产量急剧下降。以施用钾肥为中心的平衡施肥技术能有效增加蒜苗和蒜苔中维生素C及可溶性糖分含量,改善大蒜的内在品质,提高大蒜的营养价值。施钾增收5343~7279元/hm2,施用钾肥的产投比达(10.8~19.5):1。当前生产水平条件下,大蒜平衡施肥方案为纯N300kg/hm2,P2O590kg/hm2,K2O300kg/hm2左右。

Study on the Technology of Nitrogen Application Combined with Phosphorus and potassium for Garlic High Yield and Excellent Quality

Study on the technology of nitrogen application combined with phosphorus and potassium for garlic high yield and excellent quality was conducted at six sites for successive three years from 1998 to 2001. The results shown that, applying nitrogen combined with phosphorus and potassium could raise garlic yield by a big margin, the average output for garlic seedling, bolt and clove increased by 13.9%~39.2%, 24.2%~33.2% and 17.3%~24.5% at three experimental years with the average rate of growth 30.5%, 29.4% and 21.2% respectively. The yield of garlic seedling and bolt also improved obviously when raised the rate of nitrogen application, and the one of garlic clove dropped sharply as the rate of phosphorus application being less than 90kg P2O5/hm2. The balanced fertilization, which centered with potassium application, could efficiently increase the content of vitamin C and soluble sugar in garlic seedling and bolt and improve the inner quality and nutrient value. The income was increased by 5343~7279Yuan/hm2 and the value cost ratio reached (10.8~19.5):1 compared the treatment of potassium application with that of the control. The balanced fertilization program was about N 300kg/hm2,P2O5 90kg/hm2 and K2O 300kg/hm2 application at present production level.