三种诱导马氏珠母贝四倍体方法的比较

摘要：比较了3种诱导马氏珠母贝（Pinctada martensii D.）四倍体产生的方法。①由三倍体马氏珠母贝的卵子与二倍体的精子受精，抑制受精卵第一极体的释放，诱导形成四倍体，四倍体率在D形幼虫期为27.7%～35.9%，幼虫死亡率高，在幼贝以后未能检测到四倍体的存在；②药物直接抑制二倍体马氏珠母贝受精卵第一极体和第二极体的释放，诱导四倍体；此法诱导的四倍体率在担轮幼虫期为30%以上，死亡率也较高，但在中贝（养殖7个月的贝）中检测到四倍体，四倍体率为0.0625%；③抑制二倍体马氏珠母贝受精卵的第一次卵裂形成四倍体；此法产生的四倍体马氏珠母贝在担轮幼虫期可达13.1%，但孵化率极低，早期死亡率极高，不能通过变态。比较研究表明，直接抑制二倍体马氏珠母贝受精卵的极体形成可以获得成活的四倍体马氏珠母贝，此方法值得进一步研究。

Comparative of Three Methods for the Induction of Tetraploidy Pearl Oyster (Pinctada martensi D.)

Abstract: Three methods for the induction of tetraploidy pearl oyster (Pinctada martensi D.) were compared. 1. Inhibiting release of the first polar body in fertilization of eggs from triploidy with sperm from diploidy resulted in the formation of tetraploid larvae at 27.7% ~ 35.9 %. But the death rate was high and no living tetraploid was detected after the larval stage. 2. Tetraploidy was induced by inhibition of the first and the second polar bodies in normal diploid zygotes. There were over 30% tetraploid in D-staged larva and the death rate was high. But at mid- oyster stage, i.e. 7 months cultivation, about 0.0625 % were tetraploid. 3. Inhibition of the first cleavage of normal diploid zygotes resulted in approximately 13.1% tetraploids at trochophore stage . However, the hatching rate was low and the death rate was high. Tetraploidy were not found after trochophore stage . The studies indicated that Inhibiting formation of the first and the second polar bodies in normal diploid zygotes could produce living tetraploid pearl oysters .