枣缩果病研究进展

对枣缩果病病原的种类、症状类型、侵染途径、影响发病因素、防治方法等方面的研究进展进行了综述。迄今已报道过的病原菌有6种真菌和2种细菌,病原菌在枣树皮、枣枝、枣头、枣叶、枣吊等部位皆可越冬;病原主要借助风雨作用传播,通过伤口或自然孔口传病;从花期开始整个生长期地上部各器官都可侵染,其中在叶和枣花上不表现症状,果实上到近成熟期才开始表现症状;果实症状主要有铁皮和缩果两种类型,果实症状发展可分为晕环、水渍、提前着色、萎缩、脱落5个阶段;发病程度受气候、地势、土壤类型、栽培条件和间作物种类、品种、树龄、枝龄、树势、枣果成熟度等多种因素的影响;防治措施包括加强枣园综合管理,提高树体抗病能力及化学农药防治等。针对枣缩果病研究中的问题,提出了今后的研究方向。

Advances in research on Chinese jujube fruit shrink disease

This paper is about the research advances on Chinese jujube fruit shrink disease.Its pathogen identification,symptom classification,infection pathways,influencing factors and controlling methods were reviewed.Eight pathogens, six causal fungi(Maxrophoma hawatsuhai Hara.,Dothiorella gregaria Sacc.,Coniaothyrium olivaceum Bon,Alternaria tenuis Nees.,Phoma destructive Plowr,Fusicoccum sp.) and two causal bacteria(Erwinia jujubovora Wang cai Feng et Gao and a bactrium),have been reported infecting Chinese jujube(Zizuphus jujuba Mill.) fruits singly or jointly.The pathogens were mainly transmitted by wind and rain and plant were infected through the wound and the lenticel.The pathogens could overwinter in all of the tissues of the Chinese jujube,such as bark,branches and leaves.The above ground parts of jujube could be infected from the flowering stage to the end of whole growth period.There were no symptoms in the infected leaves and flowers.The symptoms of infected fruits didn't appear until the fruit reached white-ripening stage(usually in the middle of August).The infected fruit showed two different types of symptom.One is the brown skin.The other is the fruit shrink.The development of symptom of this disease was divided into five stages of halo,watermarks,pre-coloring,shrinking and shedding.The incidence of the disease was influenced by many factors as the climate,the topography,soil type,cultivation conditions and the inter-cropping;the variety of Chinese jujube,the age of tree,the age of branch,the vigor of tree,the mature extent of the fruit and so on.Strengthening the integrated management of the orchards to improve the resistant ability and chemical control to remove the primary infectors were vital for control measures.The main problems to be further studied were also outlined.