新疆喀拉库勒湖区景观空间格局动态变化分析

为了研究喀拉库勒湖区不同景观类型的空间分布情况和时空变化规律,以研究区1990、1999和2010年3期Landsat TM/ETM影像为数据源,利用决策树方法并结合实地调研进行景观分类,运用景观生态学理论和方法对喀拉库勒湖区1990—2010年间的景观格局变化和景观类型空间转化特点进行分析。结果表明,研究时段内,喀拉库勒湖区域在外观特征和空间格局均有显著变化,荒漠和河流面积先减小后扩张,湖泊面积持续扩张,绿洲和冰川面积呈先扩张后减小。整体景观蔓延度和破碎化程度下降;景观优势度和异质性增加,景观变化受自然环境的影响较大。

Dynamic Change of Landscape Spatial Pattern in Karakul Lake Region in Xinjiang

In order to study the spatial distribution and spatio-temporal variation rules of different landscape types in Karakul Lake region, the Landsat TM/ETM images of research area in 1990, 1999, 2010 were taken as the research data. Using the decision tree method and combined with field research, landscapes were classified into 5 types which were oasis, glacier, desert, river and lake. Then the landscape changing pattern and spatial transformation characteristics of the landscape types from 1990 to 2010 were studied by using the theory and method of landscape ecology. The results showed that the appearance characteristics and spatial pattern of landscape in Karakul Lake region had significant changes from 1990 to 2010. The area of desert and river first decreased then increased, the area of lake kept a continuous increase, and the area of oasis and glacier first increased then decreased. The overall extension and fragmentation degree of landscape declined, the landscape dominance and heterogeneity increased. Landscape changes were greatly influenced by the natural environment.