灾民生活史:基于中西社会的初步考察

灾民生活是灾荒史考察的重要内容,在中西方历史灾荒比较研究的基础上,本文将研究灾民生活的诸多方面,比较研究了中西方农民生活的一般景象、灾荒发生后灾民生活的巨大差异以及特殊灾害时期灾民的生活行为。结果表明,中国古代完备的荒政制度在救荒济民的过程中发挥了良好的救灾效果,大灾之后并非一定大荒;欧洲国家缺乏有效的国家政策救济灾民,重大灾害发生后灾情极为严重。

Comparative Research on the Living Condition of Natural Disasters Victims between Ancient China and Europe

The living condition of victims is an important part of disaster history.Based on the comparative research of disasters happened in China and in the western world,this paper focuses on aspects of victims＇ living,comparatively investigating the general lives,big differences after disasters and special living behaviours of victims during the disasters.The investigation shows that Chinese disaster relief system was relatively complete and it worked very well facing the natural disasters i.e.there was not necessary food shortage after disasters;however,European countries lacked of national disaster relief systems,which resulted in huge losses after catastrophes.