播期对糯玉米籽粒产量及品质的影响

为满足农户对糯玉米种植的不同需求,探讨山西中晚熟地区播期对糯玉米产量与品质的影响。以晋糯18和晋糯20为试验材料,4月26日-7月5日,设置6个播期处理,研究其对产量、穗长、百粒重、穗粒重及籽粒蛋白质、淀粉、粗纤维素及赖氨酸相对含量的影响。结果表明,播期与品种对糯玉米产量及品质都有显著影响。其中B3播期（5月24日）处理下2个糯玉米品种产量、穗长、百粒重及穗粒重都高于其他播期处理,说明糯玉米适宜在小满前后播种。提前播期有利于籽粒蛋白质、赖氨酸相对含量的提高,而推迟播期降低籽粒粗纤维素、赖氨酸相对含量。B1与B6播期下籽粒淀粉相对含量低于其他播期,且B4、B5播期下籽粒淀粉相对含量高于其他播期。说明适当推迟播期有利于籽粒淀粉相对含量的提高,但过早或过迟播种均显著降低籽粒淀粉含量。糯玉米籽粒中粗纤维素含量与品种遗传背景密切相关,且推迟播种后品种差异对籽粒淀粉含量的影响降低。通过相关性分析发现积温、降水量与产量、穗粒重以及赖氨酸相对含量均达到极显著正相关关系,与穗长、百粒重均达到显著正相关关系,说明播期对产量性状及籽粒赖氨酸相对含量有显著影响。在山西中晚熟地区糯玉米在小满前后播种时产量最高,适当提前有利于籽粒蛋白质、赖氨酸含量的提高,适当推迟有利于籽粒粗纤维素、淀粉含量的提高。

Effects of Sowing Date on Yield and Quality of Waxy Maize

In order to meet the different demands of farmers for waxy maize planting, the effect of sowing date on the yield and quality of waxy maize in mid-late ripening areas of Shanxi Province was studied. With the Jinnuo 18 and Jinnuo 20 as experimental materials, from April 26th to July 5th, six sowing date treatments were set to study their effects on yield, spike length, 100-grain weight, grain spike weight and relative contents of grain protein, starch, crude fiber and lysine. The results showed that sowing date and variety have significant effects on the yield and quality of waxy maize. The yield, spike length, 100-grain weight and grain spike weight of the two waxy maize varieties under B3 sowing date treatments (May 24th) were significantly higher than those under other sowing date treatments, which indicated that waxy maize was suitable for sowing around the Grain Full. Earlier sowing date could increase relative contents of grain protein and lysine, and delaying the sowing date would decrease the contents of grain crude fiber and lysine of waxy maize. The relative starch contents of waxy maize at B1 and B6 sowing dates were lower than that of other sowing dates, and the relative starch contents of waxy maize at B4 and B5 sowing dates were higher than that of other sowing dates. The results showed that the proper delay of sowing date could improve the relative starch content of waxy maize, but the early or too late sowing could reduce the starch content of waxy maize. Through correlation analysis, it was found that accumulated temperature and precipitation had a significant positive correlation with yield, grain spike weight and lysine relative content and a significant positive correlation with spike length and 100-grain weight, indicating that sowing date had a significant impact on yield traits and lysine relative content in grain. In mid-late ripening areas of Shanxi Province, the yield of waxy maize is the highest when sowing around B3, properly advancing sowing date is beneficial to increase the contents of grain protein and lysine, and properly delaying sowing date is beneficial to increase the contents of grain crude fiber and starch content.