5-氨基乙酰丙酸和乙烯利复配剂对东北春玉米光合特性及产量的影响

以中单909为材料,设置5-氨基乙酰丙酸（5-ALA）和乙烯利（ETH）不同浓度复配组合,于拔节期（V6）进行叶面喷施。研究5-ALA—ETH复配剂对缓解东北春玉米生育期内低温冷害、提高叶片光合作用、增加干物质积累、保障春玉米稳产增产的技术机理。结果表明,22.50g/hm ² 5-ALA配合450mL/hm ² ETH处理（A2E1）可显著提高玉米产量,比对照提高4.8%。该处理下玉米生育期内功能叶净光合速率（P_n）、气孔导度（G_s）、胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）和蒸腾速率（T_r）比对照平均分别提高2.7%、3.6%、2.2%和1.4%,且在灌浆期比对照分别提高3.2%、15.7%、8.2%和3.6%。此外,A2E1处理玉米收获期（R6）相对绿叶面积增加16.9%,全生育期内功能叶SPAD值和地上部分干物质积累量比对照平均分别增加2.9%和8.6%。因此,5-ALA—ETH（22.50g/hm ²—450mL/hm ²）复配剂能够有效改善东北春玉米灌浆期光合特性,提高该区域春玉米生育中后期抗耐低温冷害的能力,对保障该区域春玉米的高产稳产具有重要意义。

Effects of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Ethylene Compounds on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Spring Maize in Northeast China

Taking Zhongdan 909 as the material, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and Ethrel (ETH) were mixed at different concentrations, and foliar spraying was performed at the jointing stage, This study is intended to explore the technical mechanism of 5-ALA—ETH compound on alleviating low temperature and chilling damage, improving leaf photosynthesis, increasing dry matter accumulation and ensuring stable and increased yield of spring maize in northeast China. The results showed that 22.50g/ha 5-ALA combined with 450mL/ha ETH (A2E1) significantly increased the maize yield by 4.8%, compared with the control. Under this treatment, the net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i ) and transpiration rate (T_r) of functional leaves in the growth period of maize increased by 2.7%, 3.6%, 2.2% and 1.4%, respectively as compared with the control, and by 3.2%, 15.7%, 8.2% and 3.6%, respectively compared with the control during the filling stage. In addition, the relative green leaf area increased by 16.9% at harvest time (R6), SPAD value of functional leaves and dry matter accumulation of aboveground parts of maize treated with A2E1 during the whole growth period increased by 2.9% and 8.6% on average, respectively, compared with the control. Therefore, the 5-ALA (22.50g/ha)—ETH (450mL/ha) compound can effectively improve the photosynthetic characteristics of spring maize in northeast China during the filling stage and improve the ability of spring maize to resist low temperature and cold damage in the middle and late growth stages, which is of great significance to ensure the high and stable yield of spring maize in this region.