夏玉米粒收质量及水分利用效率的化学调控效应研究

解析不同水分处理条件下,夏玉米粒收质量及水分利用效率的化学调控效应。以登海605和豫单9953为供试品种,设置植物生长调节剂（HK: 8~9片叶喷施植物生长调节剂,CK: 喷施同量清水）和灌水量25（W1）、45（W2）和65mm（W3）两因素试验,采用随机区组试验设计,分析比较调节剂下玉米粒收质量和水分利用效率的差异。结果表明,与CK相比,2个品种HK处理的秃尖长和总损失率均值分别下降12.08%和7.78%,百粒重和产量水分利用效率（WUE_Y）分别增加4.88%和3.65%。灌水量对2个品种的产量、WUE_Y、总损失量和总损失率影响极显著。植物生长调节剂和灌水量对豫单9953的破碎率表现出明显互作效应。籽粒含水率与耗水量呈极显著正相关（登海605,r=0.885^**;豫单9953,r=0.872^**）,与土壤含水率呈显著或极显著相关（登海605，r=0.527^*;豫单9953,r=0.683^**）。兼顾节水增产和粒收质量,推荐8~9片叶时喷施植物生长调节剂、土壤水分下限设置为田间持水率的65%~70%、喷灌定额45mm作为黄淮平原井灌区夏玉米适宜田间栽培及灌水管理方案。

Effects of Chemical Regulating on Grain Harvest Quality and Water Use Efficiency in Summer Maize

The effects of chemical regulating on water use efficiency (WUE) and grain harvest quality in summer maize were investigated under different irrigation treatments. Two popular maize varieties (Denghai 605 and Yudan 9953) were selected as experimental materials. Meanwhile, two factors, irrigation methods and plant growth regulator scheduling patterns were set. Plant growth regulator treatments included 8-9 leaves spraying regulator (Duntianbao, HK) and Control i.e. spray the same amount of water (CK). Irrigation treatments were comprised of 25mm (W1), 45mm (W2), 65mm (W3). The fixed irrigation was started when the soil moisture reached 70% field capacity and randomized complete block design was adopted. The results showed that compared to CK, the HK treatment decreased the mean of bare tip length and total loss rate by 12.08% and 7.78%, in contrast, increased 100-kernel weight and WUE_Y by 4.88% and 3.65%, respectively. Irrigation had extremely significant effects on yield, WUE_Y, total loss mass and total loss rate. Chemical regulation obviously interacted with irrigation to control grain broken rate of Yudan 9953. There is positive significant correlation between Grain moisture content and evapotranspiration with the correlation coefficients of 0.885 (Denghai 605) and 0.872 (Yudan 9953) as well as significantly or extremely significantly correlated with soil water content of 0.527 (Denghai 605) and 0.683 (Yudan 9953). It was concluded that 8-9 leaves spraying regulator, irrigating when the soil moisture content reached 65%-70% field capacity and spraying irrigation 45mm were the optimal recommendation of summer maize for the well-irrigated regions of Huang-Huai Plain.