半干旱区不同种植模式对马铃薯淀粉形成及产量的影响

为探明不同种植模式对宁夏南部山区马铃薯淀粉形成及产量的影响,采用单因素随机区组设计,设置露地平作（A1）、露地单垄单行（A2）、露地单垄双行（A3）、半膜单垄双行（A4）和全膜单垄双行（A5）5个处理,研究了不同种植模式对宁夏南部山区马铃薯淀粉形成酶活性、淀粉含量和产量的影响。结果表明,淀粉积累后期A5处理的总淀粉含量较A1、A2、A3和A4处理分别提高34.5%、26.1%、18.5%和12.7%。淀粉积累过程中,淀粉形成酶ADPG-PPase、UDPG-PPase、SSS、SBE和GBSS活性对马铃薯支链淀粉、直链淀粉和总淀粉的积累有直接或间接影响,与马铃薯块茎总淀粉含量的相关系数分别为0.691、0.264、0.514、0.629和0.130。不同种植方式对马铃薯产量有明显影响;A5处理产量最高,A4处理次之,分别较A1处理增产83.8%和62.9%。在宁夏半干旱区,全膜单垄双行种植模式在马铃薯块茎淀粉积累、淀粉形成酶活性提高和增产方面有明显优势。

Effect of Different Planting Patterns on Starch Formation and Yield of Potato in Semi-Arid Area

A field experiment with single factor randomized block design was conducted to determine the effect of different planting patterns on the starch formation and yield of potato in semi-arid area. The starch synthetase activity, starch content and yield of potato under conventional flat planting (A1), single-row planting on ridge without plastic film mulching (A2), double-row planting on ridge without plastic film mulching (A3), double-row planting on ridge with semi-plastic film mulching (A4) and double-row planting on ridge with full plastic film mulching (A5) were compared and analyzed to explore the suitable planting pattern in the Southern Mountainous Region of Ningxia. The results showed that the total starch content in late starch accumulation period under A5, compared with those under A1, A2, A3 and A4, were increased by 34.5%, 26.1%, 18.5% and 12.7%, respectively. During the starch accumulation process, the five starch-forming enzymes have directly or indirectly influenced the amylopectin, amylose and total starch accumulation in potato. The correlation coefficients between total starch content and the activities of ADPG-PPase, UDPG-PPase, SSS, SBE, GBSS were 0.691, 0.264, 0.514, 0.629, 0.130, respectively. In this study, it was observed that different planting patterns had significant effects on potato yield. The yield under A5 treatment is placed the first and A4 treatment ranked the second whereas, the yield increased by 83.8% and 62.9% respectively compared with A1 treatment. Therefore, double-row planting on ridge with full plastic film mulching can effectively improve starch formation, increase the starch forming enzyme activities and potato yield, which is a suitable planting pattern for potato production in semi-arid area of Ningxia.