贵州不同年代糯高粱品种（系）干物质生产及光能利用特性差异分析

以贵州省不同年代酒用糯高粱品种（系）为研究对象,采用随机区组试验设计,对其干物质积累总量、产量构成以及花后叶面积指数（LAI）、SPAD值动态、光能截获量（L_i）进行分析,结果表明:随着年代更替,贵州省酒用糯高粱生产性能逐步提高,新品种（红缨子、黔高8号）较老品系（黑壳糯、红壳糯）产量和干物质积累总量平均分别增加25.5%和23.4%;穗粒数、穗粒重平均分别显著增加44.6%和58.9%;花后LAI平均分别为3.41和2.14,新品种较老品系增加59.3%;花后37d,SPAD值降幅分别为23.8%和81.2%;新品种的光合速率（P_n）和蒸腾速率较老品系分别增加16.1%和34.3%,胞间CO₂浓度降低23.5%;新品种的花期L_i较老品系增加8.3%,差异显著。相关分析结果显示,产量、干物质积累总量与P_n、LAI、SPAD值、光能截获量呈极显著正相关,P_n、L_i与SPAD值、LAI呈极显著正相关。上述结果表明花后叶片失绿变缓、光化学效率的提高以及L_i的增加可能是糯高粱单产随年代更替稳步提升的原因。

Analysis of the Characteristics of Dry Matter Production and Light Energy Utilization of Waxy Sorghum Applied in Different Eras in Guizhou Province

The dry matter accumulation, yield composition, dynamic of leaf area index (LAI) and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value after flowering and light energy interception of waxy sorghum during different stages in Guizhou province were analyzed using a randomized block test design. The results showed that the yield and dry matter accumulation of waxy sorghum increased gradually as the years changed. The new varieties (Hongyingzi, Qiangao8) were compared with the old lines (Heikenuo, Hongkenuo). It was found yield and dry matter accumulation increased by 25.5% and 23.4% respectively. The grain number per panicle and grain weight per panicle increased by 44.6% and 58.9% respectively. The average LAI of the new varieties was 3.41, which increased by 59.3% compared to the old lines (2.14). From flowering to 37d after flowering, the SPAD value of new varieties and old lines was decreased by 23.8% and 81.2%, respectively. The net photosynthetic rate (P_n) and transpiration rate of the new varieties increased by 16.1% and 34.3% respectively compared with the old lines, the intercellular CO₂ concentration decreased by 23.5%, and light energy interception (L_i) of new varieties increased by 8.3% compared with the old lines. The correlation analysis showed that the yield and total dry matter accumulation were positively correlated with the P_n, LAI, SPAD value, whereas, light energy interception, P_n and L_i were positively correlated with the SPAD value and LAI. The above results indicated that the slow loss of green leaves after flowering, improvement of photochemical efficiency and the increase of light energy interception may be the reasons for the yield increase of waxy sorghum with the years passed.