蚕豆异交率相关因素研究及应用进展

蚕豆是常异花授粉作物,异交率一般为20%~30%,最高可达84%。媒介昆虫、气候条件、地理因素、种植密度、品种基因型、花序的小花数量及小花结构特点、田间环境等都对异交率产生影响,媒介昆虫是异交发生的主要途径。异交会导致种质一致性的丧失,给资源的保存利用、品种繁育和应用基础研究等带来一定阻碍,但同时异交又是群体遗传多样性保障和杂种优势利用的重要条件。本文从异交率、异交媒介、异交影响因素及异交率的应用研究4个方面总结蚕豆异交率研究和应用情况,并对今后研究方向进行展望。

Advances on Related Factors and Applied Research of Outcrossing Rate in Faba Bean(Vicia faba L.)

As a partially allogamous crop, faba bean (Vicia faba L.) has the outcrossing rate of 20% to 30% and the highest outcrossing rate of 84%. The factors such as pollinators, climate, geographical factors, population density, genotype of varieties, size of inflorescence, structure of flower and environment of the field were all supposed to have a reasonable impact on outcrossing rate, of which pollinator is the major factor. Outcrossing usually lead to the loss of consistency of germplasm which impedes the variety breeding, basic researches, conservation and utilization of faba bean genetic resources. Outcrossing is required for maintenance of genetic diversity and utilization of heterosis. The present review of attempts to summarize the research advances on outcrossing rate and pollinators of faba bean, other influencing factors, as well as applied researches of outcrossing, and to expect the related future researches.