基于DUS测试性状的向日葵品种遗传多样性分析

利用NY/T 2433-2013中的43个基本测试性状对巴彦淖尔分中心的63个向日葵参试品种进行遗传多样性分析,并与32个近似品种作比较,结果表明：参试品种表型性状中共检测到124个等位变异,平均每个性状检测到3.0244个,变幅为1~8个。Shannon’s多样性指数（H＇）平均值为0.5582,变幅为0~1.8101,41个有效测试性状中有17.07%的性状存在5个及以上等位变异,有51.22%的性状存在3个及以上等位变异,参试品种的等位变异数、每个性状的等位变异数及其变异幅度、多样性指数平均值等均大于近似品种。在外观形态上,参试品种的遗传多样性比近似品种更丰富。UPGMA聚类分析发现,在相似系数为0.860时,可将95个向日葵品种分为2个类群。主坐标分析结果与UPGMA聚类分析结果基本一致,但是可以通过向日葵品种在主坐标中的位置更加直观地判断95个向日葵品种间的遗传相似性。总体看来,参试品种与近似品种形态差异较小,建议育种家拓宽向日葵亲本选育材料,从而促进向日葵材料创新及新品种选育。

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.) Based on DUS Testing

Forty-three basic traits in NY/T 2433-2013 were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of 63 sunflower varieties from Bayannur Sub-Center and compared with 32 similar varieties. The results showed that a total of 124 allelic variations were detected in the phenotypic characters traits of the varieties with an average of 3.0244 per trait ranged from 1 to 8. The average shannon’s diversity index (H') of tested varieties was 0.5582, ranged from 0 to 1.8101. Among the 41 valid test traits, almost 17.07% of all the traits had more than 5 allelic variations and 51.22% of all the traits had more than three allelic variations. The genetic diversity of tested varieties was higher than the similar varieties compared to their total alleles, alleles per trait and H'-value. In appearance, the genetic diversity of the tested varieties was more abundant than the similar varieties. The UPGMA clustering analysis showed that 95 sunflower varieties could be divided into two groups when the similarity coefficient was 0.860. The results of principal coordinate analysis were basically consistent with UPGMA cluster analysis but the genetic similarity among 95 sunflower varieties could be judged more vividly by the position of sunflower varieties in the principal coordinate. There was a little differences between the tested varieties and similar varieties. Therefore, it is suggested that breeders should broaden the selection materials of sunflower parents so as to promote the innovation of sunflower materials and the breeding of new varieties.