利用微卫星DNA标记分析7个绵羊群体遗传多样性与系统发育

摘要:实验室检测了甘肃藏羊、甘南藏羊、湖羊、青海藏羊、小尾寒羊、滩羊、岷县黑裘皮7个绵羊群体268只个体15个微卫星座位等位基因，进而开展了等位基因变异分析、杂合度分析、哈代—温伯格比率检验、遗传距离估算、系统发生树构建和遗传结构推导。结果表明：7个绵羊群体在15个微卫星座位上共发现187个等位基因。哈代—温伯格比率偏差检验中共发现43个“群体-座位”偏离了哈代—温伯格比率，其中湖羊偏离哈代-温伯格比率的“群体-座位”数最多。群体杂合度分析表明青海藏羊群体的遗传多样性较丰富，而湖羊和岷县黑裘皮羊的遗传多样性较低。遗传距离和系统发生树的分析表明，滩羊、小尾寒羊和湖羊亲缘关系较近，类群起源上享有共同的祖先，岷县黑裘皮羊与其它6个绵羊群体遗传关系较远，7个绵羊群体的遗传结构推演为三类。

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny among 7 Sheep Populations Using Microsatellite DNA Marker

Abstract: 268 samples from 7 sheep populations including Gansu Tibetan sheep, Gannan Tibetan sheep, Qinghai Tibetan sheep, Hu sheep, Small- tailed Han sheep, Tan sheep and Minxian Black Fur sheep are involved to detect the alleles in 15 microsatellites DNA loci. The analyses of the variations in alleles, populations’ heterozygosity, the ratio of Hardy-Weinberg, genetic distance, phylogenetic tree and genetic structure are performed. As the result shows, total 187 alleles are discovered in 15 microsatellites DNA site. And 43 population-loci deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The quantity measure of the deviation in Hu sheep is the largest in our investigated populations. The Populations heterozygosity analysis shows: in concerned 7 populations, Qinghai Tibetan sheep has rich genetic diversity, while Hu sheep and Minxian Black Fur sheep are lower than others. The genetic distance and phylogenetic tree results shows: the Hu sheep, Tan sheep and the Small-Tailed Han sheep's relationship are closer than other populations involved, which have the same ancestor. The genetic structure shows that the these 7 populations can divide into three genetic clusters.