内蒙古平原灌区“春麦冬播”种植效应及品种适应性

针对内蒙古春播小麦生育期短、干热风、高温逼熟等因素制约产量提高,且收获后光温资源极大浪费的现状,以及试种冬小麦发现的冬季冻害、春季干旱或“倒春寒”影响返青率及前茬限制等问题,本研究以“春麦冬播”种植模式为切入点,采用不同春化类型小麦品种,通过连续2年的田间试验,系统研究了不同小麦品种越冬出苗、叶片生理、根系性状及产量形成的差异,以期筛选适宜冬播的小麦品种。结果表明:供试的全部春性小麦品种及部分冬性品种可以以种子形式完成春化作用,第2年正常抽穗成熟。冬播条件下春季田间出苗率较春播小麦有所降低,但根系发达,对低温及干旱的适应性强。通过系统聚类筛选出适宜内蒙古平原灌区冬播的3个小麦品种,包括春性品种永良4号、冬性品种宁冬11号和半冬性品种河农7106,其共同特征为越冬出苗率高、抗逆性强、根系发达、产量表现较高,其中永良4号产量可达到与春播相同的水平。

Cropping effect and variety adaptability of winter-seeded spring wheat in Inner Mongolia Plain irrigation area

Growing spring wheat in Inner Mongolia is challenging because of the short growing period,dry-hot winds,and heat-forced maturity.There are also problems with growing winter wheat varieties,such as frost damage,spring droughts,or“late spring cold”.These factors have restricted efforts to increase yields.In order to cope with these challenges,this study adopted a“winter-seeded spring wheat”planting model for growing wheat in Inner Mongolia and investigated wheat varieties with different vernalization requirements through two consecutive field trials.The effects of different varieties on seed germination and seedling emergence,growth,leaf physiological,root traits,and yield formation were analyzed.The results indicated that the spring varieties and some winter varieties of the tested wheat varieties were overwintered as seed and passed the vernalization stage,and matured normally in the following year.Under winter sowing conditions,the spring field germination rate of the tested wheat varieties was lower than that of spring sowing wheat,but the root system developed,and the adaptability to low temperature and drought was stronger.Three wheat varieties suitable for winter-sowing in the Inner Mongolia plain irrigation area were screened out by systematic clustering,including the spring variety Yongliang 4,winter cultivar Ningdong 11 and semi-winter cultivar Henong 7106.Their common characteristics were higher overwintering emergence rate,stronger stress resistance,relatively well-developed root system and higher yield performance,among which,Yongliang 4 could reach the same level as spring-seeded.