缺磷型稻田土壤施磷增产效应及土壤磷素肥力状况的研究

在不同缺磷土壤上进行定位试验,研究磷肥效应和土壤磷素的供应状况.试验在红黄泥和河沙泥两种土壤上进行,包括施(CK)、氮钾肥(NK)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)、氮磷钾肥加稻草还田(NPK+RS)4个处理.结果表明,施磷能够提高水稻的产量,平均增产率表现为严重缺磷土壤高于中度缺磷土壤、早稻高于晚稻、磷肥与稻草配合施用高于单施磷肥处理;中度缺磷和严重缺磷土壤上施用磷肥能够显著的提高作物产量,尤其在早稻上效果更明显;中度缺磷土壤上施用磷肥早稻平均增产6.3%,晚稻平均增产6.1%;在严重缺磷土壤上施用磷肥,早稻平均增产达到17.9%,晚稻平均增产达到10.5%;磷肥与稻草配合施用的水稻产量提高幅度略高于施用磷肥处理;土壤连续施用磷肥和磷肥与稻草配合施用能够提高土壤有效磷含量,且磷肥与稻草配合施用效果最佳.中度缺磷土壤磷肥与稻草配合施用处理连续两年试验后,土壤有效磷平均上升50.4%,严重缺磷土壤连续两年磷肥与稻草配合施用处理连续两年试验后,土壤有效磷平均上升91.4%.在中度和严重缺磷土壤上施用磷肥或磷肥与稻草配合施用有利于提高水稻产量、磷素吸收量和土壤的供磷能力.

The effects of phosphorus application on rice yield increasing efficiency of phosphorus and soil phosphorus status in different type of paddy soil of phosphorus deficiency

The effects of phosphorus application on phosphorus efficiency and soil phosphorus status were studied in difference type of soils of phosphorus deficiency. The field experiments were studied on paddy soil which was derived from quaternary red clay and alluvial deposit, and there were four treatments. The results showed that: application of phosphorus fertilizer increased the rice yield on moderate deficiency P paddy soil and severe deficiency P paddy soil. The yield increase of phosphorus application was greater in early rice than in late rice. Application of phosphorus fertilizer increased early rice yield by 6.3% and late rice by 6.1% on moderate deficiency P paddy soil. Application of phosphorus fertilizer increased early rice yield by17.9% and late rice by 10.5% on severe deficiency P paddy soil. The percentage of increasing yield was in the order: severe P deficiency soil> moderate deficiency P soil; early rice>late rice; phosphorus fertilizer with rice straw > phosphorus fertilizer alone. Percentage of increasing yield was higher in the combined application of phosphorus fertilizer with rice straw than in the phosphate fertilizer alone. Continuous application of phosphate fertilizer and combined application of phosphate fertilizer with rice straw could increase available P content in the soil, of which, the treatment with combined application of phosphate fertilizer with rice straw was best. After 2 years of combined application of phosphate fertilizer with rice straw, available P content in the soil was increased by 50.4% in the moderate deficiency soil, and 91.4% in the sever deficiency P soil. The phosphate fertilizer application and combined application of phosphate fertilizer with rice straw help to improve the rice yield, phosphorus uptake and soil P supplying capacity in the moderate and the sever deficiency P soil.