中国农田退化价值损失计量研究

农田退化是全球普遍的问题,尤其是在亚非等发展中国家较严重,给农业发展带来巨大的经济损失.如何客观评价这些损失,笔者利用市场价值、模拟市场价值、影子工程等方法开展评价研究.农田退化分为农田污染、生态破坏和肥力下降三个方面,其中农田污染计量了重金属和污灌造成的损失,生态破坏计量了土壤沙化、盐渍化和潜育化带来的损失,肥力下降计量了生产力降低和水土流失的损失.研究结果表明:农田污染、功能降低以及肥力下降等退化类型价值损失量分别为440.51亿元、316.39亿元和468.55亿元.全国农田退化价值损失总量为1225.45亿元,分别相当于2004年GDP和农业国民生产总值的0.89%和6.20%.由此可见,农田退化对中国农业发展构成一定的影响,若不采取有效措施,将会对中国未来农业发展产生更大的影响.

Study on Calculating Losses of Cropland Degradation

The Cropland Degradation (CD) is a general issue all over the world, especially in some developing countries of Asia and Africa CD is more seriously, which brings huge economic losses to agriculture development. The paper carries out evaluation study to make use of Market Value Methods, Simulated Market Value Methods, Shadow Engineering Methods and so on. CD comprises cropland pollution, ecological destruction and soil fertility decline. And then the losses of heavy metal pollution and irrigation pollution are calculated in the cropland pollution; the losses of soil desertification, soil salinization as well as soil gleization are calculated in the cropland ecological destruction; the losses of productivity decline, water and soil loss are calculated in the soil fertility decline. The results show that the value losses of cropland pollution, ecological destruction, as well as soil fertility decline are 44.051 thousand million, 31.639 thousand million and 46.855 thousand million. The total loss is 122.545 thousand million, which is equivalent to 0.89% and 6.20% of the GDP and agricultural gross domestic product in 2004. Thus it can be seen, CD partly influenced agricultural develop that failure to take effective measures will have a greater impact on the future agricultural development in China.