聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）对黄土坡地降雨产流产沙过程的影响

从防治水土流失和提高降水资源利用率的角度出发，为使PAM能在黄土地区广泛使用，该文通过室内人工模拟降雨和冲刷试验，研究了黄土坡地土壤表层施加PAM对产流产沙过程的影响，分析了产流、径流累计量、泥沙累计量随时间的变化过程，建立了相应的相关关系。比较了不同PAM用量的作用效果及不同土壤对PAM施用效果的影响。试验结果表明，当坡度为15°，雨强1.2 mm/min，降雨历时为30 min时，每平方米土壤表层施加0.8 g PAM后的产流量减少16%，产沙量不到1 kg，减沙率达87.87%；连续冲刷试验结果表明PAM施放在(土娄)土上的效果远优于黄绵土。

Effect of Polyacrylamide(PAM) on Process of Runoff and Sediment Yield of Loess Soil on Slope Land

Polyacrylamide(PAM), a kind of macromolecule compound, is a new type of effective soil structure-improved additive. For the aim of applying PAM in loess region to prevent the soil and water loss and promote the effective use of precipitation, the stimulated rain experiment in laboratory was designed to study the effect of PAM on the process of runoff and sediment development. The correlative relationships between the runoff rate and the accumulative amounts of the runoff and sediment dependent on the period of rain are built. Additionally, comparing with the effect of PAM different using amounts and PAM used in different soils, the PAM 0.8 g/m² put in the surface of soil shows remarkable result in the condition of 30 min rainstorm, which reduced 87.87% sediment compared with one without PAM. The effect of PAM on Lou soil is much better than on Huang Mian soil.