秸秆覆盖种植大球盖菇结合坡面改造对林坡地生态的保育效果

目的] 探索林下秸秆覆盖种植大球盖菇与坡面改造结合的方式对林坡地清水产流及持水保肥影响，为水源涵养及生态环境建设提供理论参考。方法] 在经济林下，利用秸秆覆盖种植大球盖菇技术，将其与按照坡度差异结合不同设定的坡面改造措施相结合，并在大球盖菇生长周期内对试验区的水质及土壤性质影响进行采样分析。结果] 小顺坡大横坡+秸秆覆盖种植大球盖菇（CM）和顺坡秸秆覆盖种植大球盖菇（PM）及反坡梯田+秸秆覆盖种植大球盖菇（RM）均能有效减少固体悬浮物（SS），TN及TP含量。SS平均减少率分别为40.3%，31%和51.1%；TN平均减少率分别为36.6%，25.1%和56.1%；TP平均减少率分别为37.8%，24.7%和46.9%。同时，可显著提高土壤含水率（分别提高22.2%，14.1%和39.1%）和土壤有机质含量（分别提高32.1%，29.3%和31.5%）。结论] 林下秸秆覆盖种植大球盖菇技术结合坡面改造，可有效减少林坡地SS，TN及TP含量，并显著提高试验区土壤含水率和有机质含量。

Ecological Conservation Effects of Forest Slope Land By Cultivating Stropharia Rugosoannulata with Straw Combined with Slope Surface Reconstruction

Objective] The influences of cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata with straw combined with slope reconstruction on clean water runoff, water-holding capacity and soil fertility of selected areas were investigated, in order to provide theoretical basis for the water conservation and ecological environment construction.Methods] Under the canopy of cash forest, cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata with straw and combined with slope reconstruction measures based on slope degrees, throgh samples collection and analysis, the effects of those measures on the water and soil quality of experimental area during different growing periods of Stropharia rugosoannulata were discussed.Results] The cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata on slope of small blocks by cutting slope length and setting transverse ditches(CM), cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata on primary slope (PM) and cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata on contour reverse-slope terrace (RM), could reduce the content of suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) efficiently. The content of SS were decreased by 40.3%, 31% and 51.1% on average, respectively. The contents of TN were decreased by 37.8%, 25.1% and 56.1% on average, respectively. The contents of TP were decreased by 37.8%, 24.7% and 46.9% on average, respectively. In addition, the soil water content was improved (by 22.2%, 14.1% and 39.1% respectively), and the content of soil organic matter was significantly increased (by 32.1%, 29.3% and 31.5% respectively).Conclusion] By cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata with straw, and combined with slope reconstruction measures could reduce the content of SS, TN and TP in the runoff from the slope of the forest effectively, and increase the soil water content and organic matter in experimental area.