不同鲜食葡萄品种裂果特性分析

【目的】 研究新疆主栽鲜食葡萄品种裂果特性差异和引起裂果生理原因,分析鲜食葡萄品种裂果特性差异,为生产过程中降低裂果发生率生产调控措施的选择提供理论依据。【方法】 以无核白、无核紫、无核白鸡心、新郁等12个鲜食葡萄品种为研究对象,分析成熟期浸水诱导裂果,对不同鲜食葡萄品种的裂果特性,通过石蜡切片测定果皮细胞结构特征,测定果皮强度、果胶、原果胶、纤维素等细胞壁结构物质含量及代谢关键酶活性。【结果】 不同鲜食葡萄品种裂果特性存在显著差异,浸水24 h裂果率分布在0~80%,12个品种可以分成4个裂果特性差异类群,其中极易裂果类群包括里扎玛特1个品种,易裂果类群包括新郁、无核白2个品种;较易裂果品种包括火州黑玉、新雅、无核白鸡心、无核紫4个品种,耐裂果类群包括红地球、京亚、夏黑、维多利亚、火焰无核5个品种。【结论】 果皮角质层完整性,果皮、亚果皮细胞大小和排列紧密度与果实易裂程度密切相关;水溶性果胶含量、水溶性果胶与原果胶比值与鲜食葡萄品种易裂性呈极显著的正相关关系;果皮强度、纤维素含量均与鲜食葡萄品种易裂性呈极显著负相关关系。

The Fruit Cracking Characteristic and Cause Analysis of Different Fresh Grape Varieties

【Objective】 In order to study the difference of fruit cracking characteristics and main physiological causes of fruit cracking of fresh grape cultivars in Xinjiang,the physiological reasons for differences in the fruit cracking characteristics of table grape varieties are analyzed in the hope of providing theoretical basis for production control measures selection, which will reduce the fruit cracking in the production process.【Method】 12 table grape cultivated varieties were used as research subjects which included Thompson Seedless,Black Monukka,Centennial Seedless Xinyu .The fruit cracking characteristics of different table grape varieties were investigated and analyzed through water-induced fruit cracking at maturity stage. The structural characteristics of pericarp cells were determined by paraffin section. At the same time, the content of cell wall structural substances such as pericarp strength, pectin, propectin and cellulose and the activity of key metabolic enzymes were determined.【Result】 The results showed that there were significant differences in fruit cracking characteristics among different table grape varieties. The cracking rate of soaked water for 24 h was within the range of 0-80%, and 12 varieties could be divided into 4 groups with different characteristics of cracking fruits, among which, the most easily cracked fruit group included 1 variety of Rizamat, and the most easily cracked fruit group included 2 varieties of Xinyu and Thompson Seedless . The varieties of commercial cracked fruit include Huozhouheiyu, Xinya, Centennial Seedless and Black Monukka . The resistant fruit groups include 5 varieties: Red Globe, Jingya, Summer black, Victoria and Flame seedless .【Conclusion】 The cuticular integrity of the pericarp, the size and arrangement of the pericarp and subpericarp cells were closely related to the degree of fruit cracking. The content of water-soluble pectin and the ratio of water-soluble pectin to original pectin were positively correlated with the crack ability of table grape varieties. The resilience of pericarp and cellulose content were negatively correlated with the crack ability of table grape varieties.