城市不同居住区绿地生态效应评估

以哈尔滨市4处代表性居住区与龙塔广场(对照样点)为研究对象,采用隶属函数分析法,于2019年7、8月,测定该4处居住区绿地与龙塔广场的噪音量、空气负离子(negative air ion,简称NAI)浓度和滞尘量3项生态指标,研究了不同居住区中绿地的生态效应。结果表明:在不同月份、一天内不同时段,不同居住区绿地与龙塔广场绿地各项生态指标相比,绿地减噪量、NAI浓度增量、滞尘量的变化趋势不尽相同。居住区绿地减噪量(4.15、5.42、2.55、5.50 db)、NAI浓度增量(187、139、170、215个·cm^-3)>龙塔广场绿地(2.44 db、89个·cm^-3),龙塔广场绿地的滞尘量(2.29 mg·m^-3)>居住区绿地(2.09、1.41、2.59、1.80 mg·m^-3)。对于不同月份生态效应隶属函数分析中,不同环境中绿地生态效应有所不同,各居住区与广场绿地7月总体生态效应(0.20、0.22、0.15、0.30、0.07)>8月总体生态效应(0.19、0.16、0.13、0.29、0.11×10-2)。居住区绿地的生态效应(0.20、0.19、0.14、0.30)>龙塔广场绿地(0.03),其中远大都市绿洲居住区的绿化生态效应最佳(0.30)。因此,居住区绿地绿化率、植物多样性、配植形式、乔灌比等生态指标可显著影响其生态效应。

Ecological Effect Assessment of Green Space in Different Urban Residential Districts

With four different residential districts and the Dragon Tower Square(control sampling point)in Harbin city as the research objects,using Membership Function Analysis Method,then three ecological targets were surveyed which were the noise reduction,the negative ion increment and the amount of dust absorption in July and August in 2019,to analyze the ecological effects of concentration green spaces in the different residential districts and the Dragon Tower Square.This experiment was done in order to research the ecological effects of green spaces.The results showed that the change trends of noise reduction,negative air ion(NAI)increment and the amount of dust absorption were different in different residential districts,different months and different time points in the same day by comparing the ecological targets between the residential districts and the Dragon Tower Square.The noise reduction(4.15,5.42,2.55,5.50 db)and the NAI concentration increment(187,139,170,215 per cm3)of green spaces in the residential districts>that in the Dragon Tower Square(2.44 db,89 per cm3),the amount of dust absorption of green spaces in the Dragon Tower Square(2.29 mg·m^-3)>that in the residential districts(2.09,1.41,2.59,1.80 mg·m^-3).The ecological effects were different in various environment based on the Membership Function Analysis Method in diffrent months,they were in the residential districts and the Dragon Tower square in July(0.20,0.22,0.15,0.30,0.07)>those in August(0.19,0.16,0.13,0.29,0.11×10-2).The ecological effects of green spaces in the residential districts(0.20,0.19,0.14,0.30)>that in the Dragon Tower Square(0.03),of which,Yuan Da Metropolis Oasis District(0.30)was the best.Therefore,green rate of green coverage,plant diversity,plant arranging pattern and the ratio to trees and shrubs had significant effect on the ecological effects of residential districts.