Evaluation of a Portable Meter to Measure Ketonemia and Comparison with Ketonuria for the Diagnosis of Canine Diabetic Ketoacidosis |
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Authors: | M Di Tommaso G Aste F Rocconi C Guglielmini A Boari |
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Institution: | Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy. |
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Abstract: | Background: The diagnosis of canine diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) usually is based on measurement of urinary acetoacetate (ketonuria). In humans, this test is less sensitive and specific than blood 3-β-hydroxybutyrate (ketonemia) evaluation. Hypothesis: Ketonemia measurement using a portable meter is more accurate than ketonuria determination with a dipstick to diagnose canine DKA. Animals: Seventy-two client-owned diabetic dogs with ketonemia, ketonuria, or both. Methods: Prospective observational study. Based on blood bicarbonate concentration and anion gap, dogs were divided into 2 groups: patients with DKA ( n = 25); patients with diabetic ketosis ( n = 47). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratio (LR) at different cut-off points were determined for both ketonemia and ketonuria. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the accuracy of each diagnostic test to diagnose DKA. Results: With regard to ketonemia, cut-off values of 2.3 and 4.3 mmol/L revealed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, respectively, whereas cut-off values of 2.8 and 3.5 mmol/L showed a ?LR of 0.05 and a + LR of 13.16, respectively. With regard to ketonuria, a cut-off value of 1+ revealed 92% sensitivity, 40% specificity, and ?LR of 0.20, whereas a cut-off value of 3+ revealed 44% sensitivity, 94% specificity, and +LR of 6.89. The areas under the ROC curves for the ketonemia and ketonuria tests were significantly different (0.97 and 0.81, respectively, P = .003). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Measurement of ketonemia is accurate and more effective than measurement of ketonuria to diagnose canine DKA. |
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Keywords: | 3-β-hydroxybutyrate Acetoacetate Dog |
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